黄河泥沙在生态修复中的作用机理与关键技术  

The mechanism and key technology of the Yellow River sediment in ecological rehabilitation

作　　者：胡振琪[1,2] 李勇 陈洋 HU Zhenqi;LI Yong;CHEN Yang(Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2022年第1期1-15,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771542)。

摘　　要：以黄河泥沙对黄河流域煤矿开采造成的采煤塌陷地修复方法为研究对象,探讨和分析了黄河泥沙在黄河流域矿山生态修复中的作用机理与关键技术.研究结果表明:黄河泥沙具有无毒无害、营养成分低的特性,黄河中下游沉积泥沙砂粒占比大部分高于60%,悬移质泥沙黏粉粒含量大部分高于35%,前者适宜作为充填材料对植物生长介质起支撑和辅助作用,后者可作为粗化土壤的质地改良材料.利用黄河泥沙与心土质地特性逆向的特性,研究了表土和夹层等关键层的构造方法,提出了黄河泥沙充填复垦的4大关键技术,即取沙、输沙、固结排水和土壤重构,并得到了黄河泥沙充填采煤沉陷地的一般工艺流程,以及无夹层一次充填和夹层式多次充填的技术工艺.黄河泥沙悬移质作为土壤改良材料时,需要采用漫灌的方式对特定时机、特定位置的泥沙进行施用,沉积泥沙作为改良材料时,表土、心土、泥沙的混配比例在1∶1∶0.86~1∶1∶2之间能够使农作物产量达到最大.Taking the restoration method of coal mining subsidence caused by Yellow River sediment in coal mining in the Yellow River Basin as the research object,the mechanism and key technologies of Yellow River sediment in mine ecological restoration in the Yellow River Basin were discussed and analyzed.The results show that the Yellow River sediment has the characteristics of non-toxic,harmless and low nutrient content,the proportion of sediment sand grains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is mostly higher than 60%,and the content of suspended sediment silt is mostly higher than 35%,the former is suitable for filling material to support the plant growth,and the latter can be used as a texture improvement material for rough soil.Based on the reverse characteristics of the Yellow River sediment and the core soil texture,the construction methods of key layers such as topsoil and interlayer are studied,and four key technologies for the Yellow River sediment filling reclamation are proposed,including taking sand,transporting sand,consolidation drainage and soil reconstruction,and the general process of Yellow River sediment filling mining subsidence,as well as the technical process of one-time filling without interlayer and multiple filling with interlayer are obtained.When the suspended sediment of the Yellow River is used as the soil improvement material,it is necessary to use the flood irrigation method to apply the sediment at a specific time and location.When the sediment is used as the improvement material,the mixing ratio of surface soil,core soil and sediment is between 1∶1∶0.86 and 1∶1∶2,which can maximize the crop yield.

关 键 词：黄河流域 黄河泥沙 采煤沉陷 充填复垦 土壤改良 生态修复 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]