长期不同施肥处理对不同土层土壤水力性质的影响  

Effects of Different Long-term Fertilization Treatments on Soil Hydraulic Properties and Their Changes with Depth

作　　者：杨颖楠 黄明斌 Yang Yingnan;Huang Mingbin(College of Nature Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第1期56-62,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题“黄土高原植被—水相互关系及对气候变化响应过程”(XDB40020202)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同施肥处理对土壤主要水力性质的影响及随深度的变化,为制定科学的施肥方案提供理论依据,进而促进农业的可持续发展。[方法]以黄土高原地区36 a的长期施肥定位试验为依据,选取4个施肥处理:不施肥对照处理、单施化肥(氮磷配施)、单施有机肥和化肥有机肥配施,通过测定土壤有机质含量、容重、孔隙度、水分参数等来评价土壤性质的变化。[结果](1)与不施肥和单施化肥相比,化肥有机肥配施和单施有机肥显著提高了表层(0—20 cm)土壤有机质含量,30—40 cm土层各处理间无显著差异。(2)与不施肥、单施有机肥和化肥有机肥配施相比,单施化肥显著降低了表层(0—20 cm)土壤孔隙度;(3)各施肥处理均对土壤持水性能有所改善,其中化肥有机肥配施效果最佳;(4)化肥有机肥配施显著提高了0—10,10—20,20—30 cm土层土壤饱和导水率。[结论]化肥有机肥配施可以改善表层土壤物理性质,提高表层土壤持水性能,增强土壤结构的稳定性,而长期单施化肥会导致表层土壤板结,不利于作物生长。[Objective]The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil hydraulic properties and their changes with depth were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating scientific fertilization programs,and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.[Methods]Based on a 36-year long-term fertilization experiment in the Loess Plateau,four fertilization treatments were selected,including no fertilization(CK),fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus(NP),fertilization with manure(M),and fertilization with nitrogen,phosphorus,and manure(NPM).Changes in soil properties were evaluated by measuring soil organic matter content,bulk density,porosity,and moisture parameters.[Results]①NPM and M significantly increased organic matter content in the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK and NP,but there were no significant differences in the 30—40 cm soil layer;②NP significantly reduced soil porosity of the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK,M,and NPM;③All fertilization treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water holding in the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK,and NPM had the greatest effect;④NPM significantly increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the 0—10,10—20,and 20—30 cm soil layers.[Conclusion]The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers can improve physical properties and increase available water holding capacity of the surface soil,while the application of chemical fertilizers will cause the surface soil to compact,resulting in unfavorable conditions for crop growth.

关 键 词：黄土高原 长期施肥 土壤水力性质 土壤持水性 

分 类 号：S157.41[农业科学—土壤学] S152[农业科学—农业基础科学]