依据不同空间约束的人工林森林经营规划模拟  

Simulating Artificial Forest Management Planning with Different Spatial Constraints

作　　者：宋博[1] 董灵波 刘兆刚 Song Bo;Dong Lingbo;Liu Zhaogang(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2022年第2期17-22,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700562);黑龙江省头雁创新团队计划项目。

摘　　要：以孟家岗林场人工落叶松林和人工樟子松林为研究对象,基于2016年森林资源二类调查数据,建立4种不同约束条件的森林规划模型,分析不同空间约束对规划结果的影响。4种规划模型均以规划期内木材产量最大化为经营目标,均含有最小收获年龄、蓄积均衡收获、各分期蓄积收获限额、采伐次数及[0-1]型决策变量等约束,其中非空间模型仅包含以上非空间约束,其他3种空间模型除上述约束外,邻接模型不允许相邻小班在同一规划分期内同时采伐,T_(m)=1模型不允许相邻小班在相邻的一个分期内被采伐,T_(m)=2模型不允许相邻小班在相邻的两个规划分期内被采伐。基于Lingo11.0软件求解的结果分析可知,与非空间模型相比,3种空间规划模型的目标函数值分别较非空间模型减少了约0.53%、4.39%和18.12%,经T检验可得,非空间模型、邻接模型及T_(m)=1模型之间无明显差异,T_(m)=2模型与其余3种规划模型之间均差异显著,4种约束条件下规划期末龄级面积分配均有所改善,其中T_(m)=1模型龄级调整效果最好。在森林规划过程中加入空间信息,虽然会降低木材产量,但经营措施的时空分布更加合理化。空间约束中考虑不同的绿量期会对规划结果有不同程度的影响,因此,森林决策者应当根据实际情况和经营需求做出相应的抉择。The Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris in Mengjiagang Farm,Heilongjiang Province were taken as the research objects.With the data of forest resources 2016 are from Class Ⅱ survey,four forest planning models with different constraints were established to analyze the effect of different spatial constraints on the planning results.The models all aim at maximizing the timber yield during the planning period,and all contain constraints such as minimum harvest age,balanced harvest of stock,harvest quota of stock by stages,cutting times and decision variables of type[0-1].Among them,the non-spatial model only contains the above non-spatial constraints,and except for the above constraints,the other three spatial models do not allow adjacent small classes to cut at the same time in the same planning stage.T m=1 model does not allow adjacent patches to be felled in an adjacent stage,and T m=2 model does not allow adjacent patches to be felled in two adjacent planning periods.Based on the analysis of Lingo11.0 software,compared with the non-spatial model,the objective function values of the three spatial planning models were reduced by about 0.53%,4.39%and 18.12%,respectively.According to the T-test,there was no significant difference between the non-spatial model,the adjacency model and the T_(m)=1 model.There are significant differences between the T_(m)=2 model and the other three planning models.Under the four constraints,the area allocation of the planning age-classes at the end of the planning period has been improved,and the T_(m)=1 model has the best effect of age-classes adjustment.Although adding spatial information in forest planning process can reduce wood yield,but the spatial and temporal distribution of management measures is more reasonable.Considering the different green amount periods in the spatial constraints,the planning results will be affected to different degrees.Therefore,forest decision-makers should make corresponding choices according to the actual situation and management needs.

关 键 词：森林经营规划 邻接约束 绿量约束 

分 类 号：S757.4[农业科学—森林经理学]