防治人参黑斑病与灰霉病的复合芽孢杆菌制剂  

Bacillus Bacteria Preparation for Preventing and Controlling Alternaria panax and Bolrytis elliptica of Panax ginseng

作　　者：高媛[1] 孟祥才[2] 刘秀波[2] 徐姣[2] 马伟[3] 赵春建[1] Gao Yuan;Meng Xiangcai;Liu Xiubo;Xu Jiao;Ma Wei;Zhao Chunjian(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江中医药大学 [3]黑龙江中医药大学药学院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2022年第2期106-109,116,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：2019年度黑龙江中医药大学中药健康相关产品研发及产业化专项(2019BJP06);2013年度农业公益性行业科研专项人参产业技术研究与示范项目(201303111-04)。

摘　　要：从2个不同的人参栽培基地选取健康无病变的人参植株叶片作为筛选生防菌的材料,应用选择性分离法从人参叶片中分离芽孢菌,经染色鉴定、菌落形态鉴定、显微形态鉴定及基因序列分析,筛选出286株芽孢菌,其中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B.tequilensis)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.Licheniformis)4种菌为优势菌种;制备复合芽孢杆菌制剂,4个菌种的菌株比例n(枯草芽孢杆菌)∶n(特基拉芽孢杆菌)∶n(贝莱斯芽孢杆菌)∶n(地衣芽孢杆菌)约为100∶60∶70∶40;分别用4种优势菌与复合芽孢杆菌制剂做平板,进行对峙拮抗试验,分析4种优势菌与复合芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病和灰霉病防治效果。结果表明:4种芽孢杆菌及复合芽孢杆菌对黑斑病病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。复合芽孢杆菌抑制效果优于单一使用的其中任何一种,复合芽孢杆菌对黑斑病菌、灰霉病菌病原菌的抑制率分别为89.74%、82.26%。用复合芽孢杆菌进行田间试验,复合芽孢杆菌对黑斑病与灰霉病的总体防治效果为65.1%,与代森锰锌总体效果比较无显著性差异;虽然不如扑海因的效果,但是复合芽孢杆菌具有不会对环境造成影响、没有农药残留等优点。In order to develop a biological control agent for the control of Alternaria panax whetz and Bolrytis elliptica(Berk)Cke of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,the healthy leaves of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer were selected from two different cultivation bases as materials for screening biocontrol bacteria.Separation of Bacillus bacteria by selective separation,then through staining identification,colony morphological identification,micromorphological identification and gene sequence analysis,286 strains of Bacillus bacteria were screened,in which B.subtilis,B.tequilensis,B.velezensis and B.licheniformis were the 4 kinds of dominant strain.Preparation of complex Bacillus preparations.The strain ratio of the 4 dominant strains is 100∶60∶70∶40.Plate antagonism test with 4 dominant bacteria and complex Bacillus,the results showed that 4 kinds of Bacillus spp.and complex Bacillus could inhibit the pathogen of Black spot disease and B.cinerea.The complexes was the best,its effect is superior to any of the single use,and the inhibition rates against the two pathogens were 89.74%and 82.26%,respectively.Field control test was made in order to determine the effect of complex Bacillus spp.,the overall control effect against the two pathogens is 65.1%,the overall effect is similar to that of zinc ferromanganese.Although it is not as effective as that of iprodione.The advantage of Bacillus spp.complex is that they have no environmental impact,also no shortcomings such as pesticide residues.The development and application of the compound preparation of Bacillus spp.can promote Green industry for cultivating medicinal materials of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer.

关 键 词：人参 芽孢杆菌 黑斑病 灰霉病 生物防治 

分 类 号：S767.1[农业科学—森林保护学] S435.67[农业科学—林学]