上流式厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动及微生物群落研究  

Rapid start-up and microbial community study of an upflow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor

作　　者：高俊玲 王辰风 孙庆 GAO Jun-ling;WANG Chen-feng;SUN Qing(Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi′an 710021, China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi′an 710021, China;Engineering Research Center of Development and Management for Low to Ultra-Low Permeability Oil & Gas Reservoirs in West China, Ministry of Education, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学前沿科学与技术转移研究院,陕西西安710021 [2]陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [3]西安石油大学西部低渗-特低渗油藏开发与治理教育部工程研究中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《陕西科技大学学报》2022年第2期20-27,共8页Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2017ZDXM-SF-096);西安石油大学西部低渗-特低渗油藏开发与治理教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KFJJ-XB-2019-2)。

摘　　要：为实现上流式厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动,本研究通过以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,调节不同阶段氨氮负荷的策略对培养过程中反应器的脱氮效能、生物污泥的形貌特征及反应器内微生物的群落结构进行了分析.结果表明:在反应器稳定阶段,NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N去除率达到90%以上,TN去除率及总氮去除负荷分别达到82%和0.504 kg N/(m^(3)·d),化学计量比ΔNH_(4)^(+)-N∶ΔNO_(2)^(-)-N∶ΔNO_(3)^(-)-N为1∶1.2∶0.24,接近理论值,运行140 d成功富集厌氧氨氧化菌,实现上流式厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动.反应器内生物体由黑色的厌氧颗粒污泥驯化培养为红褐色的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,且粒径较大,系统启动140 d后0.3~1.8 mm的粒径占比达到了61.67%,表明其具备良好的沉降性能及脱氮效能.微生物群落结构分析表明浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)的丰度由活性迟滞阶段的0.28%上升到稳定阶段的11.26%,反应器的启动过程中出现三种厌氧氨氧化菌属Candidatus Brocadia、Candidatus Hydrogenedens和Candidatus Kuenenia,其中Candidatus Kuenenia为优势菌属,占7.116%.To achieve rapid start-up of the up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor,this study analyzed the nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor,the morphological characteristics of the biological sludge and the community structure of microorganisms in the reactor during the incubation process by using anaerobic granular sludge as the inoculum sludge and adjusting the ammonia and nitrogen load at different stages of the strategy.The results showed that the NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N removal rates reached more than 90%during the stabilization stage of the reactor,the TN removal rate and total nitrogen removal load obtained 82%and 0.504 kg N/(m^(3)·d),respectively.The stoichiometric ratio ofΔNH_(4)^(+)-N∶ΔNO_(2)^(-)-N∶ΔNO_(3)^(-)-N was 1∶1.2∶0.24,which was close to the theoretical value and showed the successfully enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria after 140 d of operation.The fast start-up of the up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor was achieved.The organisms in the reactor were domesticated from black anaerobic granular sludge to reddish brown anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge,and the particle size was larger,and the percentage of 0.3~1.8 mm particle size reached 61.67%after 140 d of system start up,which indicated that it had good settling performance and denitrification efficiency.The microbial community structure analysis showed that the abundance of Planctomycetes increased from 0.28%in the active stagnant phase to 11.26%in the stable phase,and three anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria genera Candidatus Brocadia,Candidatus Hydrogenedens and Candidatus Kuenenia,of which Candidatus Kuenenia was the dominant genus,accounting for 7.116%.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 快速启动 上流式厌氧反应器 厌氧颗粒污泥 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]