新型吸附材料在处理含铀废水中的研究进展  

Research Progress of New Adsorption Materials in Treatment of Wastewater Containing Uranium

作　　者：樊小磊 饶乐 余书俊 高柏[1,2] FAN Xiaolei;RAO Le;YU Shujun;GAO Bai(School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Bureau of Geology of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330000,China;Nuclear Industry Eastern China Construction Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,南昌330013 [3]江西省地质局,南昌330000 [4]核工业华东建设工程集团有限公司,南昌330000

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2022年第3期147-159,共13页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41162007,41362011)。

摘　　要：如何处理核电、采矿过程中对水体环境产生的放射性铀污染是一个亟待解决的问题。吸附材料因其比表面积大、成本低、制备简单与吸附容量高等优点,成为处理含铀废水的一种主要方式。首先梳理了现有处理含铀废水方法以及不同吸附材料的优缺点;阐述了吸附现象、吸附机理等吸附材料理论基础;重点分析了新型磁性纳米、偕胺肟、高分子纤维、新型金属有机骨架材料、生物炭、微生物等新型吸附材料的研究现状,从材料特质、吸附性能、应用潜力等方面归纳了这些材料的吸附特性;最后从贴近应用、避免二次污染、关注去污性能等角度展望了处理去铀废水的研究方向。简述了新型吸附材料对于含铀废水的去除,并展望了未来吸附材料的发展方向。How to deal with radioactive uranium contamination in the water environment from nuclear power and mining processes is an urgent problem to be solved.Adsorption materials have become a major way to treat uranium-containing wastewater because of their large specific surface area,low cost,simple preparation and high adsorption capacity.This paper firstly compares the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods and different adsorption materials for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater;secondly,the theoretical basis of adsorption materials such as adsorption phenomena and adsorption mechanisms are described;then the current research status of new adsorption materials such as new magnetic nano-,kaiamine oxime,polymer fibers,new metal-organic skeletal materials,biochar,microorganisms,etc.is analyzed,and the adsorption properties of these materials are summarized in terms of material characteristics,adsorption performance and application potential;finally,the adsorption properties of these materials are summarized in terms of their specificity,adsorption performance and application potential.Finally,the research directions for the treatment of uranium-depleted wastewater are presented from the perspectives of application,avoiding secondary pollution,and focusing on decontamination performance.The new adsorbent materials for the removal of uranium-containing wastewater are briefly described,and the future directions of adsorbent materials are prospected.

关 键 词：新型吸附材料 含铀废水 环境 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]