新疆甜菜田杂草危害特点及防控措施  

Characteristics of Weeds Damage and Suggestions for Its Control in Sugar Beet Field in Xinjiang

作　　者：李广阔[1] 张航[1] 杨安沛[1] 白微微[1] 王锁牢[1] LI Guangkuo;ZHANG Hang;YANG Anpei;BAI Weiwei;WANG Suolao(Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Korla,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业农村部库尔勒作物有害生物科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国糖料》2022年第2期64-68,共5页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)项目(CARS-170307)资助。

摘　　要：甜菜田杂草是制约新疆甜菜生产的重要因素之一。新疆是典型的绿洲生态农业,甜菜从北到南在多个生态区均有种植,甜菜田杂草发生危害差异较大。总体上,天山以北的甜菜种植区(北疆)杂草种类较天山南部种植区(南疆)杂草种类丰富,种群结构复杂。北疆甜菜田以灰绿藜、稗、反枝苋、田旋花、龙葵等一年生杂草危害为主,南疆甜菜田以灰绿藜、稗、芦苇、狗芽根、田旋花等一年生和越年生杂草混合危害为主。与其他主要农作物田杂草治理研究相比,新疆甜菜田杂草种群演替、抗药性监测等研究系统性不足,难治理杂草、寄生性杂草危害加重,除草剂药害等问题突出;甜菜田除草剂施用技术与甜菜机械化作业匹配度不高,综合防控技术有待进一步充实和提高。为此,应持续开展甜菜田杂草种群演替动态的系统性监测;加强甜菜田杂草抗药性监测及其抗性机理的研究;提升农机农艺与化学除草技术的有机结合;提高应对难治理杂草及寄生性杂草的防控能力;加大对技术人员、种植户的培训;制定适宜本区域的杂草综合防控技术,不断提升甜菜田杂草的综合防控能力。Weeds are one of the important factors restricting the production of sugar beet in Xinjiang.Xinjiang is a typical oasis ecological agriculture.Sugar beet has been planted in many ecological areas from north to south.The occurrence and damage of weeds in sugar beet fields are quite different.In general,there are more weed species of sugar beet fields in the north of Tianshan Mountain than the south of Tianshan Mountain.The annual weeds such as Chenopodium glaucum,Echinochloa crusgalli,Amaranthus retroflexus,Convolvulus arvensis and Solanum nigrum were the main weeds in northern Xinjiang,while the annual and perennial weeds such as Chenopodium glaucum,Echinochloa crusgalli,Phragmites communis,Cynodon dactylon and Convolvulus arvensis were the main weeds in southern Xinjiang.Compared with other main crop,the study of weeds population succession and resistance monitoring in sugar beet field in Xinjiang was lack of theoretical system,the damage of obstinate weeds and parasitic weeds increased,and the problem of herbicide damage was serious.The matching degree of herbicide application technology and sugar beet mechanization operation was not high,and the comprehensive control technology needs to be further improved.Therefore,we should continue to carry out the systematic monitoring of weeds population succession in sugar beet field,strengthen the monitoring of weeds tolerance and the study of its tolerance mechanism in sugar beet field,improve the organic combination of agricultural machinery and chemical weeding technology,improve the prevention and control ability of obstinate weeds and parasitic weeds,increase the training of technicians and growers,formulate the comprehensive weed prevention and control technology suitable for the region,and constantly improve the comprehensive control capacity of weeds in sugar beet field.

关 键 词：甜菜 杂草 危害特点 群落结构 防控技术 

分 类 号：S435.663[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]