农业景观异质性对地表节肢动物多样性影响的最优尺度分析  

Optimal scale analysis of the effects of farmland landscape heterogeneity on soil arthropod diversity

作　　者：边振兴[1] 杨玉静 果晓玉 关明昊 于淼[2] BIAN Zhen-xing;YANG Yu-jing;GUO Xiao-yu;GUAN Ming-hao;YU Miao(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学理学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第3期512-519,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(01064219009)资助。

摘　　要：农业景观均质化与破碎化是近代农田生物多样丧失的重要原因之一。为明确景观异质性对地表节肢动物多样性的影响,对下辽河平原典型农区——昌图县地表节肢动物多样性与不同尺度景观异质性进行相关性分析。结果表明:1000 m为研究景观指数对农田地表节肢动物多样性影响的最优尺度;地表节肢动物Simpson多样性指数与景观香农多样性指数呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与蔓延度指数、香农均匀度指数呈显著相关(P<0.05)。表明农业景观异质性强、斑块类型复杂且存在优势斑块时,农田中地表节肢动物多样性较高且分布均匀;地表节肢动物Shannon多样性指数与景观香农多样性指数呈极显著相关(P<0.01),地表节肢动物Margalef丰富度指数与景观香农多样性指数呈显著相关(P<0.05)。表明农业景观中景观破碎化程度低、斑块类型数较少、各斑块类型复杂性及变异性低时,农田地表节肢动物的物种数较高,群落较复杂。The homogenization and fragmentation of agricultural landscape is one of the important reasons for the losses of agricultural biodiversity in modern times. In order to clarify the impacts of landscape heterogeneity on arthropod diversity, we analyzed the correlation between arthropod diversity and landscape heterogeneity at different scales in Changtu County, a typical agricultural area in the Lower Liaohe Plain. The results showed that 1000 m was the optimal scale to study the effects of landscape index on arthropod diversity in farmlands. Simpson diversity index of arthropods was significantly correlated with landscape’s Shannon diversity index(P<0.01), landscape’s CONTAG index, and Shannon evenness index(P<0.05). The diversity of arthropods was higher and the distribution was uniform when the agricultural landscape was heterogeneous, the patch types were complex and there were dominant patches. Shannon diversity index of arthropods was extremely significantly correlated with landscape’s Shannon diversity index(P<0.01). Margalef richness index of arthropods was significantly correlated with landscape’s Shannon diversity index(P<0.05). The number of ground-dwelling arthropod species in farmlands was higher and the community was more complex when the degree of landscape fragmentation was low, the number of patch types was small, and the complexity and variability of patch types were low.

关 键 词：农业景观 景观指数 景观尺度 景观异质性 地表节肢动物 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学]