黑龙江省大龙湖大银鱼形态性状因子主成分和通径分析  

Principal Component and Path Analysis of Morphological Factors of Protosalanx chinensis in Dalong Lake,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：李培伦[1] 鲁万桥 唐富江[1] LI Peilun;LU Wanqiao;TANG Fujiang(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,Heilongjiang,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第1期86-93,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(2020-2022)资助。

摘　　要：2020年12月,在黑龙江省大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县大龙湖,采集了大银鱼(Protosalanx chinensis)样本,对4个群组的大银鱼的11个形态性状因子之间的关系进行了研究,旨在了解大、小种群分化后的大银鱼生长特点。研究结果表明,大银鱼形态性状因子之间都两两显著相关(p<0.05或p<0.01);大银鱼形态性状因子的主成分分析结果显示,第一主成分主要为增长因子和躯干因子,小群组雄性大银鱼形态性状因子的第二主成分主要为增重因子和头部因子,小群组雌性大银鱼形态性状因子的第二主成分主要为头部因子和增长因子,大群组雄性和雌性大银鱼形态性状因子的第二主成分都主要为头部因子;通径分析结果显示,保留的小群组雄性大银鱼的形态性状因子为全长、体高、体宽和尾柄高,保留的小群组雌性大银鱼的形态性状因子为头长、全长、体高和体宽,保留的大群组雄性大银鱼的形态性状因子为躯干长、尾柄长、体高和体宽,保留的大群组雌性大银鱼的形态性状因子为体长、体高和体宽;除了小群组雄性大银鱼外,小群组雌性大银鱼、大群组雌性和雄性大银鱼的体宽和体高对其体质量的共同决定系数都最大,表明大银鱼的体宽和体高是影响其体质量的关键形态性状因子。因此,在人工增殖选育大银鱼亲本时,应该重点关注大银鱼的体宽和体高。In order to understand the growth characteristics of Protosalanx chinensis after their size divergence,the samples of Protosalanx chinensis were collected in Dalong Lake,Duerbot Mongolian Autonomous county,Daqing city,Heilongjiang province in December 2020;and the relationships between eleven morphological factors of Protosalanx chinensis were investigated.The results showed that the morphological factors of the four groups were significantly correlated with each other respectively(p<0.05 or p<0.01).The results of principal component analysis on the morphological factors of Protosalanx chinensis showed that all the first principal components of the four groups pointed to the growth factor and carapace factor,while the second principal component pointed differently,with the male small groups pointing to the weight gain factor and head factor,the female small groups pointing to the head factor and growth factor,and the large group of males and females both pointing to the head factor.The results of the path analysis showed that the male small groups retained four morphological factors of full length,body height,body width and caudal height,the female small groups retained four morphological factors of head length,full length,body height and body width,the male large groups retained four morphological factors of trunk length,caudal length,body height and body width,while the female large groups retained only three morphological factors of body length,body height and body width.Body width and body height had the highest co-determination coefficients for body mass in Protosalanx chinensis,except for the male small groups,indicating that the key morphological factors affecting body mass have been found,and the focus should be on the two indexes of body width and body height in the process of artificial breeding and selection.

关 键 词：大银鱼 形态性状因子 主成分分析 通径分析 大龙湖 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学]