试析尼泊尔的"和平区"倡议  

On Nepal’s Proposal of“Zone of Peace”

作　　者：王艳芬[1] WANG Yanfen

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院历史系,215009

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2022年第1期118-128,141,184,共13页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：江苏省社科基金项目“尼中印三角关系研究(1950年以来)”(18LSB005);国家社会科学基金项目“尼中印三角关系研究(1950-2018)”(19BSS058)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代初,尼泊尔的政治流亡者为了恢复议会民主制,在印度支持下加大了对国内无党派评议会体制的挑战力度.与此同时,随着第三次印巴战争及一系列后续事件的爆发,南亚的均势状态被打破,印度确立并巩固了其南亚霸主的地位,从而对尼泊尔这样的周边国家形成了较大的威慑.鉴于国内外安全形势的恶化,比兰德拉国王提出了将尼泊尔建成"和平区"的倡议,希望以制度化的和平手段维护国家主权和独立、保持与近邻同等友好的关系、远离结盟和冲突,进而专注于国内经济和社会发展.尼泊尔的处境及其"和平区"倡议博得了国际社会广泛的同情与认可,更得到了中国的大力支持.然而,印度却将上述倡议视为对印—尼既定关系格局的冲击以及对自身安全的威胁.印度政府的保留态度致"和平区"倡议终被搁置.不过,"和平区"倡议的核心理念却在尼泊尔外交战略中延续下来.In the beginning of 1970s,the political exiles of Nepal backed by India increasingly challenged the non-party system of Nepal for the restoration of parliamentary democracy.Meanwhile,the balance of power in South Asia was broken following the outbreak of the third Indo-Pakistan war and its aftermath events.India established its hegemony in South Asia and became a great deterrent for the surrounding countries like Nepal.Due to the deterioration of the security situation at home and abroad,King Birendra of Nepal offered a proposal to declare Nepal as a“Zone of Peace”.Nepal hoped to keep its independent sovereignty by such an institutionalized measure to prevent it from allying with other countries,to keep equal friendship with neighboring countries and to make their country away from international conflicts or disputes,in order to focus on domestic economic and social development.The plight of Nepal was sympathized and its peace zone initiative was acknowledged widely in the world.It got full support from China especially.India,on the contrary,regarded Nepal’s proposal as a threat to the existing framework of Indo-Nepal relationship and to India's security.Therefore,the Indian government refused to accept it.The peace zone initiative had to be suspended.Nevertheless,the spirit of the“Zone of Peace”initiative was kept in the Nepalese foreign strategy.

关 键 词：尼泊尔 "和平区"倡议 中立 不结盟政策 等距离外交 

分 类 号：D835.1[政治法律—政治学] D835.5[政治法律—外交学]