开敞办公空间气溶胶传播的数值研究  

Numerical Study of Aerosol Rransmission in Open Office Space

作　　者：李晓萍 王雯翡 康宁 周立宁 于靓[2] LI Xiaoping;WANG Wenfei;KANG Ning;ZHOU Lining;YU Liang(China Academy of Building Research,Beijihg 100013,China;School of Municipal and environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《建筑科学》2022年第2期209-216,共8页Building Science

摘　　要：新冠疫情的持续爆发表明后疫情时期的工作已然日趋常态化,在日常工作中采取措施强化疫情防控尤为重要。本文针对典型开敞式办公空间,以排除率、暴露指数和衰减系数3个评价指标为依据,运用CFD软件分析了5种典型通风环境下气溶胶空间分布特征。研究结果表明5种通风方式下气溶胶颗粒的排除率大小分别为4.82%,4.78%,9.35%,1.09%和4.97%,其中混合通风的排除率>置换通风的排除率。但由于置换通风的温度分层效应使得人体散发的气溶胶随热羽流及气流扩散至呼吸区上方,室内其他办公人员呼吸区的污染物浓度相较于混合通风处于较低水平。故而置换通风下送上回的通风方式传染几率最低,其次为混合通风侧上送下回形式,混合通风顶送顶回的传播距离最远且感染几率高于其他工况。此外,人体暴露量与污染源距离呈正相关,同时也与气流组织形式有关。与其它4种通风方式相比,置换通风具有最高的气溶胶污染传播的控制能力,在污染源位置未知的开敞式办公环境下,最具有保障。此研究成果可为典型场景下的疫情防护、空间通风设计提供方案和指导,有效降低被病毒感染的风险。The prevention and control measures in the post-pandemic era has become increasingly normal, and it is particularly important to take strengthened epidemic prevention and control measures in working environment. In this paper, a study on the transmission characteristics of aerosols in a typical open office is carried out using the CFD software to investigate the exposure potential of office-workers in five kinds of ventilation scenarios. Three criteria, including exclusion rate, exposure index and attenuation coefficient, are applied to evaluate the performances of different ventilation schemes. It is found that the removal rates of aerosol particles under the five ventilation modes are 4.82%, 4.78%, 9.35%, 1.09% and 4.97% respectively, in which the removal rate of mixed ventilation is higher than that of displacement ventilation. But due to the temperature stratification effect of displacement ventilation, the aerosol emitted by the human body diffuses to the upper respiratory zone with the thermal plume and airflow. Compared with mixed ventilation, the concentration of pollutants in the breathing areas of other indoor office workers is at a lower level.Therefore, the exclusion rate of the displacement ventilation has the lowest infection probability, followed by the exclusion rate of mixed ventilated with input in the upper side and return in the down side. The transmission distance is the farthest for the mixed ventilated with top input and return, and the infection probability is higher than that under other working conditions. In addition, human’s exposure is positively correlated with the distance between pollution sources, and also with the form of air distribution. Compared with the other four ventilation methods, displacement ventilation has the highest control ability of aerosol pollution transmission, and is the most secure in the open office environment with unknown pollution source location. The research results can provide solutions and guidance for epidemic prevention and spatial ventilation desi

关 键 词：开敞核心式办公空间 气溶胶 浓度场 送风方式 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU832[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]