黄土高原坝淤土发生特性与系统分类研究  

Genesis Characteristics and Attributes of Dam Silty Soils in the Loess Plateau According to Chinese Soil Taxonomy System

作　　者：张英男 娄泽云 龙晓敏 齐雁冰[1] 刘梦云[1] 常庆瑞[1] ZHANG Ying-nan;LOU Ze-yun;LONG Xiao-min;QI Yan-bing;LIU Meng-yun;CHANG Qing-rui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第1期12-19,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877007)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】黄土高原区沟坝地经过人工筑坝后自然淤积或者拦蓄洪水淤积而形成坝淤土,为了解坝淤土的发生特性及系统分类归属开展研究。【方法】为本文选取5个典型坝淤土剖面,分析坝淤土的成土环境、剖面形态特征理化性质,检索坝淤土在中国土壤系统分类高级及基层分类的归属。【结果】坝淤土剖面土体深厚,成土母质为人为淤积物质,色调以浊黄橙为主,土壤质地为粉质壤土、壤土和砂质壤土,有机碳含量在1.33~8.29 g kg^(−1),pH为8.40~9.80,CaCO_(3)含量为19.4~173.5 g kg^(−1)。供试剖面包含淡薄表层、雏形层2个诊断层和盐积现象1个诊断现象,以及人为淤积物质、温性土壤温度状况、半干润土壤水分状况、湿润土壤水分状况、氧化还原特征和石灰性等6个诊断特性;供试5个坝淤土剖面分别被检索为普通简育干润雏形土(61-134),弱盐淤积人为新成土(61-129)、斑纹淤积人为新成土(61-012)、石灰淤积人为新成土(61-125、61-133)4个亚类,建立了5个土系。所建立的5个土系在发生分类系统下的参比土种均为坝淤绵土,表明系统分类对于坝淤土的分类更具有区分度。【结论】尽管坝淤土成土时间较短,但人为耕作、灌溉等农业生产措施可以促进土壤发育,加速由新成土发育为雏形土。坝淤土发生特性差异明显,土族和土系类型多样,应因地制宜的充分利用和合理保护不同土系,以促进黄河流域生态环境和农业生产高质量发展。[Objective]Dam silty soils were developed from the sediments of the artificial dam construction or flood storing in the gully of the Loess plateau,which was considered as not only an important soil erosion control measure but also an effective way to increase arable land.In order to understand the attribution of the dam silty soils in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST)classification system,totally 5 soil profiles were selected in the loess plateau.[Method]In each selected soil profile,soil forming conditions,profile morphological characteristics,parent materials and land uses were recorded referring to Manual of Field Soil Description and Sampling in situ.The soil samples were collected and taken to the laboratory for soil physical and chemical measurement with referring to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods.On this basis,the diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics of the soil profiles were determined,and the classification of dam silty soils was attributed in CST at the higher and basic category levels.[Result]All the selected dam silty soil profiles had a depth higher than 120 cm with the anthro-silting parent material,the color for most of the soil layers were dominated by the turbid-yellow orange,the soil texture were composed by silty loam,loam and sandy loam.The soil organic carbon content was ranged from 1.33 to 8.29 g kg^(−1),pH ranged from 8.40 to 9.80,as well as the content of CaCO_(3) ranged from 19.4 to 173.5 g kg^(−1).The selected soil profiles included two diagnostic surface horizons(ochric epipedon and cambic horizon),one diagnostic evidence(salic evidence),and six diagnostic characteristics(anthro-siliting materials,mesic soil temperature regimes,ustic soil moisture regimes,udic moisture regime,redoxic features and calcaric property).The 5 profiles were attributed into 2 soil orders(cambosols,primosols),2 suborders(ustic cambosols,authric primosols).One subgroup(Typic Hapli-Ustic Cambosols)was attributed for the group of Hapli-Ustic Cambosols,while four subgroups(Silti-Parasalic Anthric Pri

关 键 词：坝淤土 人为新成土 人为淤积物质 代表土系 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S155.3[农业科学—土壤学]