两株根际真菌的耐盐、溶磷、促生效果及其分类鉴定  

Salt-tolerant, Phosphate-dissolving and Growth-promoting Effects of Two Rhizosphere Fungi and Their Classification and Identification

作　　者：范延辉 王君[1,2] 尚帅 李学平[1,2] 张玉苗 吴涛 FAN Yan-hui;WANG Jun;SHANG Shuai;LI Xue-ping;ZHANG Yu-miao;WU Tao(School of Bioengineering,Binzhou University,Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ecological Fragile Belt of Yellow River Delta,Binzhou 256603,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256603,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院生物与环境工程学院,山东省黄河三角洲脆弱生态带工程技术研究中心,山东滨州256603 [2]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第1期127-134,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GNC106111,2019GSF109036);山东自然科学基金项目(ZR2018LD005);滨州学院科研基金项目(BZXYL1701)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】分离筛选耐盐溶磷真菌用于改良低产盐碱土壤意义重大。【方法】利用PVK固体培养基培养、以透明圈法从黄河三角洲地区盐生植物和农作物根际土壤中筛选出溶磷真菌15株,用不同NaCl浓度的PDA培养基培养、用液体摇床培养测定耐盐性和溶解Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)能力;结果编号为F2、F19的2菌株最高可耐受盐浓度分别达到7%和9%,PVK液体培养基中最高有效磷含量分别为480.96 mg L^(−1)和772.69 mg L^(−1)、是对照的120倍和193倍,在15个真菌菌株中耐盐性、溶磷能力最强。【结果】结合其形态学特性、利用ITS rDNA序列分析方法鉴定,F2和F19真菌菌株分别被鉴定为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。在此基础上用以盐碱土壤盆栽小麦的试验方法检验施用两菌剂的促生效果,结果表明施用菌剂提高盐碱土壤有效磷含量水平、促进小麦生长效果显著;与对照相比,土壤有效磷含量接种F2菌剂15 d后提高了38.9%,接种F19菌剂20 d后提高了32.7%;小麦幼苗平均根长接种菌两处理分别增加了37.81%和38.27%,平均株高分别增加了60.75%和61.17%。【结论】上述研究结果表明,菌株F2和F19可用于盐碱地溶磷生物肥料的开发。[Objective]It is of great significance to isolate and screen salt-tolerant phosphate fungi for improving lowyield saline-alkali soil.[Method]Fifteen phosphate-dissolving fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of halophytes and crops in the Yellow River Delta using the transparent circle method.PDA medium containing different NaCl concentrations were used to determine the salt tolerance of the fungi.Liquid culture experiment were used to determine the ability of dissolving Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2).F2(No.of isolated fungi)can tolerate salt concentration up to 7%and F19 can tolerate salt concentration up to 9%.The two phosphate-solubilizing fungi had excellent capability in dissolving phosphorus.In the PVK liquid medium,the highest available phosphorus contents were 480.96 mg/L and 772.69 mg/L,which were 120 and 193 times of the control groups.[Result]Based on morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequence analysis,F2 and F19 fungal strains were identified as Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger.On this basis,soil culture and pot experiment were used to test the phosphorus solubilization and growthpromoting effects of the microbial agents.The results showed that the application of microbial agents could significantly increase the level of available phosphorus in saline-alkali soil and promote wheat growth.Compared with the control,the available phosphorus content increased by 38.9%after 15 days of inoculation with F2,and 32.7%after 20 days of inoculation with F19.The average root length of wheat seedlings increased by 37.81%and 38.27%.The average plant height increased by 60.75%and 61.17%.[Conclusion]The research results showed that the strains F2 and F19 could be used for the development of phosphorus-dissolving biological fertilizers in saline-alkali soils.

关 键 词：根际 耐盐 溶磷真菌 草酸青霉 黑曲霉 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] X172[农业科学—农业基础科学]