长期施肥对稻麦轮作紫色土有机碳组分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Organic Carbon Fractions and Enzyme Activities in Purple Soil Under Rice Wheat Rotation

作　　者：徐文静 张宇亭[1,3] 魏勇 张建伟 胡琪娟 刘瑞 张学良 石孝均 XU Wenjing;ZHANG Yuting;WEI Yong;ZHANG Jianwei;HU Qijuan;LIU Rui;ZHANG Xueliang;SHI Xiaojun(College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716;National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716;Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地,重庆400716 [3]西南大学农业科学研究院,重庆400716

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第2期292-299,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22-G-13)。

摘　　要：为了探明西南地区长期不同施肥处理对稻麦轮作紫色土有机碳组分和碳循环相关水解酶活性的影响,依托重庆北碚29年稻麦轮作紫色土长期定位试验,选取不施肥(CK)、单施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、有机无机配施(NPKM)、秸秆还田配施含氯化肥[(NPK)_(Cl)S]和秸秆还田配施无机肥(NPKS)5个处理,测定土壤各组分有机碳含量及与土壤碳循环相关的水解酶活性并分析两者间的相关性。结果表明:长期施肥(NPK、NPKM和NPKS)显著提高土壤总有机碳和不同组分有机碳含量,各施肥处理土壤总有机碳含量较CK提升11.6%~40.2%,其中以NPKS处理的提升效果最佳;cPOC、i_POC和M_s+c与总有机碳含量呈显著正相关,其中粗颗粒有机碳(cPOC)组分对土壤碳库变化反应最敏感,土壤总有机碳每提升1个单位有0.4个单位的碳保存于cPOC中。在化学保护、物理保护和未受保护三大有机碳库中,化学保护有机碳库是紫色土有机碳的主要固存组分,平均占66.1%;土壤有机碳在不同碳库的分配受施肥影响,NPKM和NPKS处理土壤未受保护有机碳和物理保护有机碳的分配比例较CK处理显著升高,增幅为10.1%~24.1%。施肥显著提高土壤碳循环水解酶活性,与CK相比,NPKM和NPKS处理的土壤α—葡萄糖苷酶(AG)、β—葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和β—木糖苷酶(BDX)活性提高14.5%~89.1%,提升效果最佳;水解酶(AG、BG和BDX)活性与土壤未受保护有机碳呈显著正相关。综上,有机无机配施是提升土壤有机碳含量和土壤碳循环相关水解酶活性的最佳培肥措施。To explore the effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on organic carbon fractions and hydrolase activities related to carbon cycle of purple soil under rice wheat rotation in Southwest China,this work was based on the long-term fixed-point experiment of 29-years rice wheat rotation in purple soil of Beibei in Chongqing.Five treatments were applied to determine the contents of soil organic carbon fractions and the activities of hydrolases related to soil carbon cycle including no fertilization(CK),single application of NPK,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer(NPKM),straw returning with chlorinated fertilizer((NPK)_(Cl)S),and straw returning with inorganic fertilizer(NPKS).Their correlations were further analyzed accordingly.Results showed that long-term fertilization(NPK,NPKM,and NPKS)significantly increased soil total organic carbon and different fractions of organic carbon content,the total organic carbon content of each fertilization treatment was enhanced by 11.6%~40.2%when compared with CK.Amongst them,NPKS treatment exhibited the most significant improvement effect.Coarse particle organic carbon(cPOC),particle organic carbon within microaggregates(i_POC),silt and clay particles organic carbon within macroaggregates(M_s+c)showed significant positive correlation with total organic carbon content.Notably,cPOC were the most sensitive to the change of soil carbon pool,0.4 unit of soil organic carbon was stored in cPOC for each unit increase of soil organic carbon.In the three major organic carbon pools of chemical protected,unprotected,and physically protected,the chemical protected organic carbon pool was the main fractions of organic carbon in purple soil,accounting for 66.1%on average.The distribution of soil organic carbon in different carbon pools was affected by fertilization,as compared to CK,the distribution proportion of unprotected and physically protected organic carbon in soil treated with NPKM and NPKS was significantly improved,with an increased rate of 10.1%~24.

关 键 词：长期施肥 紫色土 物理分组 有机碳组分 水解酶活性 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]