不同有机肥对矿区复垦土壤磷素累积及淋失风险研究  

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Phosphorus Accumulation and Leaching Risk of Reclaimed Soil in Mining Area

作　　者：李媛 郝鲜俊[1,2] 高文俊[3] 杨杰 孟会生[1,2] 张杰[1,2] 孙大生[1,2] LI Yuan;HAO Xianjun;GAO Wenjun;YANG Jie;MENG Huisheng;ZHANG Jie;SUN Dasheng(College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801;College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第2期344-351,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601327);山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优项目;山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2016ZZ14)。

摘　　要：为探究定位培肥矿区复垦土壤过程中不同有机肥对土壤磷素累积状况及环境流失风险的差异。以山西省孝义市采煤塌陷复垦土壤为研究对象,研究不同有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)和化肥在4个施磷水平下(0,25,50,100 kg/hm^(2))培肥4年后对矿区复垦土壤全磷、Olsen—P、Mehlich3—P、CaCl_(2)—P以及磷饱和度(DPS)的影响及其之间的变化关系。结果表明:(1)施用有机肥增加土壤中磷素含量,且施磷量越大,对磷素含量的影响越明显,特别是土壤全磷、Olsen—P和Mehlic3—P,并使CaCl_(2)—P呈增加的趋势;与不施磷处理和化肥相比,施用有机肥提高了土壤磷饱和度(DPS);总体来看,不同施肥处理对土壤磷素含量的影响均表现为鸡粪≥猪粪>牛粪>化肥。(2)各施肥处理土壤Olsen—P与Mehlich3—P、Olsen—P与CaCl_(2)—P、Mehlich3—P与CaCl_(2)—P之间存在显著的线性相关性。(3)与猪粪、牛粪和化肥处理相比,鸡粪处理对矿区复垦土壤磷素流失风险影响最大,当磷饱和度(DPS)≥39.31%、Olsen—P≥26.24 mg/kg、Mehlich3—P≥49.06 mg/kg时,土壤CaCl_(2)—P含量迅速增加。因此,可将上述指标作为矿区复垦土壤磷素流失的临界值,超过此值,土壤磷素流失风险加大,需要警惕对地表、地下水体的污染。In order to explore the difference of phosphorus accumulation and loss risk of different organic fertilizers in the process of reclaiming the soil in the mining area.In this experiment,the reclaimed soil of coal mining collapse in Xiaoyi City,Shanxi Province was taken as the research object,and the effect of different organic fertilizers,including poultry manure,swine manure,cow manure and chemical fertilizer,under 4 P levels(0,25,50,100 kg/hm^(2))after 4 years in reclaimed soil of mining area on total phosphorus,Olsen—P,Mehlich3—P,CaCl_(2)—P,and degree of phosphorus saturation(DPS)and the relationship among them were studied.The results showed that:(1)The application of organic fertilizers increased the phosphorus content in the soil,and the greater the amount of phosphorus applied,the more obvious the impact on the phosphorus content,especially the total phosphorus,Olsen—P,Mehilic3—P in the soil,and CaCl_(2)—P increased;Compared with non-phosphorus treatment and chemical fertilizer,the application of organic fertilizers increased the surface layer(0—20 cm)soil degree of phosphorus saturation(DPS);In general,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the soil phosphorus content showed that poultry manure≥swine manure>cow manure>chemical fertilizer.(2)There was a significant linear correlation between the soil Olsen—P and Mehlich3—P,Olsen—P and CaCl_(2)—P,Mehlich3—P and CaCl_(2)—P in each fertilization treatment.(3)Compared with swine manure,cow manure and chemical fertilizer treatment,poultry manure treatment had the greatest impact on the risk of phosphorus loss in reclaimed soil.When DPS≥39.31%,Olsen—P≥26.24 mg/kg and Mehlich3—P≥49.06 mg/kg,the content of CaCl_(2)—P in soil increased rapidly.Therefore,the above indexs could be used as the critical value of phosphorus loss in reclaimed soil of mining area.If these values exceed,the risk of soil P loss would increase.We need to be vigilant about the pollution of surface and underground water.

关 键 词：矿区复垦土壤 有机肥 磷素累积 淋失风险 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]