咪唑二氰胺类离子液体在白色发烟硝酸中自燃特性的实验研究  

Experimental Study on Hypergolic Characteristics of Imidazolium Dicyanamide Ionic Liquids in White Fuming Nitric Acid

作　　者：杜增晖 孙策 李钰潼 高忠权[1] 谭紫阳 高煦尧 庞应冉 洪流 陈鹏飞 DU Zenghui;SUN Ce;LI Yutong;GAO Zhongquan;TAN Ziyang;GAO Xuyao;PANG Yingran;HONG Liu;CHEN Pengfei(School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;Key Laboratory of Liquid Rocket Engine Technology, Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi’an 710100, China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安航天动力研究所液体火箭发动机技术重点实验室,西安710100

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2022年第4期13-22,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：液体火箭发动机技术重点实验室资助项目;中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(xzd012021052);陕西省自然科学基金重点项目(2021JZ-03)。

摘　　要：利用滴落实验台在常温常压下对5种咪唑二氰胺类离子液体进行了点火测试实验,研究了咪唑二氰胺类离子液体在白色发烟硝酸中的自燃过程,并分析了阳离子的化学结构与液滴碰撞速度对咪唑二氰胺类离子液体自燃特性的影响。结果显示:1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺([AMIM][DCA])、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺([EMIM][DCA])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺([BMIM][DCA])的自燃过程包含3个阶段,即液滴与WFNA的接触、混合与扩散阶段,反应放热、发生微型爆炸阶段以及温度升高、自燃现象产生阶段;1-己基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺([HMIM][DCA])和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺([OMIM][DCA])的自燃性能较差,微爆现象不再明显。在同一碰撞速度下,微爆延迟时间和点火延迟时间随着阳离子中侧链长度的增加而增大;黏度相差不大时,侧链中不饱和程度增加,微爆延迟时间和点火延迟时间将会缩短。对于同一种离子液体而言,微爆延迟时间和点火延迟时间则随着碰撞速度的增大逐渐减小。微爆延迟时间和点火延迟时间二者呈线性正相关,[AMIM][DCA]、[EMIM][DCA]和[BMIM][DCA]这3种离子液体的微爆延迟时间和点火延迟时间的皮尔逊相关系数分别为0.9916、0.9704和0.9741,微爆延迟时间越短,点火延迟时间也越短。In this paper,the hypergolic process of five imidazolium dicyanamide type ionic liquids in white fuming nitric acid is studied with a drop test bench at normal temperature and pressure,and we have analyzed the effect of chemical structure of cation and droplet collision speed on the hypergolic characteristics of imidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquids.The result shows that the hypergolic process of 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide([AMIM][DCA]),1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide([EMIM][DCA])and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide([BMIM][DCA])consists of three stages,i.e.the contact,mixing and diffusion of droplets with WFNA,the reaction exothermic and microexplosion stage,and the temperature rise and the hypergolic ignition stage;The hypergolic performance of 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide([HMIM][DCA])and 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide([OMIM][DCA])is poorer,and the microexplosion phenomenon is no longer obvious.At the same collision speed,the microexplosion delay time and ignition delay time increase with the length of the side chain in the cation;when the viscosity is similar,the unsaturation degree in the side chain increases,and the microexplosion and ignition delay time would be shortened.For the same ionic liquid,the microexplosion delay time and ignition delay time would decrease gradually with the increase of the collision speed.There is a linear positive correlation between the microexplosion delay time and ignition delay time.The Pearson correlation coefficients of the microexplosion delay time and ignition delay time of the three ionic liquids([AMIM][DCA],[EMIM][DCA]and[BMIM][DCA])are 0.9916,0.9704 and 0.9741 respectively.The shorter the microexplosion delay time,the shorter the ignition delay time.

关 键 词：离子液体 白色发烟硝酸 自燃特性 微爆延迟时间 点火延迟时间 

分 类 号：V511[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]