空巢与非空巢老人综合失能状况及其影响因素研究  

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Comprehensive Disability in Empty and Non-empty Nesters

作　　者：程娇娇 刘贝贝 苏蕴 张杨洋 王述寒 张涵 欧阳宗尚 田庆丰[1] CHENG Jiaojiao;LIU Beibei;SU Yun;ZHANG Yangyang;WANG Shuhan;ZHANG Han;OUYANG Zongshang;TIAN Qingfeng(School of Public Health,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南省郑州市450001

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2022年第15期1833-1837,1844,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006100)——医养结合服务模式与规范的应用示范。

摘　　要：背景 失能不仅影响着老年人的身心健康,而且给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。随着老年空巢化趋势的加深,空巢与非空巢老人的健康引起广泛关注。目的 调查河南省空巢与非空巢老人的综合失能状况,并分析其影响因素的差异,为空巢与非空巢老人失能的防控提供科学依据。方法 2019年1—9月采用多阶段分层抽样方法抽取河南省18个省辖市的5 570名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查,采用中华人民共和国民政部制定的《老年人能力评估表》对老年人综合能力进行评定。采用二分类Logistic逐步回归分析探究空巢与非空巢老人综合失能状况的影响因素。结果 5 570名老年人中,空巢老人3 731名,非空巢老人1 839名。3 731名空巢老人中,1 939名(51.97%)综合能力完好,1 792名(48.03%)综合能力失能(其中轻度失能者1 471名,中度失能者217名,重度失能者104名);1 839名非空巢老人中,821人(44.64%)综合能力完好,1 018人(55.36%)综合能力失能(其中轻度失能者820名,中度失能者123名,重度失能者75名);空巢老人综合失能发生率低于非空巢老人(χ^(2)=26.448,P<0.001)。空巢与非空巢老人性别、年龄、婚姻情况、文化程度、月经济收入、子女补贴、残疾、意外事件发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄〔空巢老人:70~79岁,OR=1.590,95%CI(1.373,1.842);≥80岁,OR=2.429,95%CI(1.934,3.050)。非空巢老人:70~79岁,OR=1.357,95%CI(1.084,1.699);≥80岁,OR=3.784,95%CI(2.820,5.076)〕、残疾〔空巢老人:有,OR=3.803,95%CI(2.924,4.947);非空巢老人:有,OR=3.523,95%CI(2.413,5.145)〕、意外事件〔空巢老人:有,OR=2.747,95%CI(2.101,3.591);非空巢老人:有,OR=2.789,95%CI(1.962,3.965)〕、慢性病种数〔空巢老人:4~7种,OR=6.549,95%CI(3.736,11.482);非空巢老人:4~7种,OR=2.997,95%CI(1.460,6.151)〕是空巢与非空巢老人发生综合失能的共同的影响因素(P<0.05)。文化�Background Disability influences physical and mental health of older people,and causes a heavy burden on family and society.The increasing prevalence of empty-nested phenomenon has aroused wide concern for empty and non-empty nesters.Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of comprehensive disability in empty and non-empty nesters in Henan,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of disability among these people.Methods By use of multistage stratified sampling,5 570 older people aged ≥60 years were selected from Henan’s 18 provincial cities from January to September 2019 for a questionnaire survey.The comprehensive ability of them was assessed by using the Ability Assessment for Older Adults Scale developed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.Binary Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with comprehensive disability.Results The participants included 3 731 empty nesters and 1 839 non-empty nesters.The prevalence of intact comprehensive ability,and comprehensive disability in empty nesters was 51.97%(1 939/3 731),and 48.03% 〔1 792(1 417 mild,217 moderate,and 104 severe)/3 731〕,respectively.The prevalence of intact comprehensive ability,and comprehensive disability in non-empty nesters was 44.64%(821/1 839),and 55.36% 〔1 018(820 mild,123 moderate,and 75 severe)/1 839〕,respectively.Empty nesters had lower prevalence of comprehensive disability than did non-empty nesters(χ^(2)=26.448,P<0.001).Empty and non-empty nesters had significant differences in sex ratio,age distribution,marital status,education level,monthly income,financial support from children,prevalence of disability and accidents(P<0.05).Stepwise binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age,prevalence of disability and accidents as well as number of chronic diseases were associated with comprehensive disability prevalence in both empty and non-empty nesters,and the specific corresponding data with values of OR and 95%CI

关 键 词：空巢 老年人 失能 老年人保健服务 影响因素分析 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]