矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿母乳喂养持续时间现状及其影响因素分析  

Status and influencing factors of breastfeeding duration in preterm infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months

作　　者：张静[1] 王周洁 项旦丹 陈赢赢[1] Zhang Jing;Wang Zhoujie;Xiang Dandan;Chen Yingying(Department of Neonatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325088,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第二医院新生儿科,温州325088

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2022年第6期752-757,共6页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：温州市科技局课题(Y20170505)。

摘　　要：目的通过对矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿母乳喂养状况的调查研究,探讨其母乳喂养持续时间及影响因素,以期能为延长早产儿母乳喂养的持续时间提供一定的参考和依据。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2018年11月—2020年6月在温州医科大学附属第二医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)住院的374例矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿及其母亲为研究对象。使用Kaplan-Meier模型绘制早产儿母乳喂养持续时间的生存曲线,使用Cox回归分析其母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素。结果374例矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿中,已断乳者316例(84.5%,316/374),尚未断乳者58例(15.5%,58/374)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,其母乳喂养(含混合喂养)中位时间为5.00个月。6、12、24个月的母乳喂养率分别为41.3%、23.0%和1.6%。Cox回归分析显示,矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿母乳喂养持续时间影响因素包括出院时喂养方式、是否独自照看早产儿、家人对母乳喂养的态度、首次泌乳时间和产假时长(P<0.05)。结论矫正月龄6~24个月早产儿母乳喂养持续时间较短,仍需全社会各界的共同努力。医护人员应重视对产妇及其家属母乳喂养重要性的教育,帮助产后泌乳开奶,鼓励院内开始母乳喂养,采取多样化的方式培训母乳喂养相关技巧和问题应对方式,以保障持续母乳喂养的实现。Objective To explore the duration of breastfeeding and its influencing factors by investigating the breastfeeding of preterm infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months,so as to provide reference and basis for prolonging the duration of breastfeeding in preterm infants.Methods From November 2018 to June 2020,convenience sampling was used to select 374 premature infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months and their mothers hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University as the research subject.The survival curve of breastfeeding duration of preterm infants was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier model,and the influencing factors of breastfeeding duration were analyzed using Cox regression.Results Among the 374 preterm infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months,316(84.5%,316/374)were weaned and 58(15.5%,58/374)were not yet weaned.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the median duration of breastfeeding(including mixed feeding)was 5.00 months.Breastfeeding rates at 6,12,and 24 months were 41.3%,23.0%,and 1.6%,respectively.Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of duration of breastfeeding in premature infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months included breastfeeding method at discharge,whether to take care of the premature infant alone,family's attitude towards breastfeeding,the first lactation time and length of maternity leave(P<0.05).Conclusions The duration of breastfeeding in premature infants with a corrected age of 6 to 24 months is short,and the efforts of all sectors of society are still needed.Medical and nursing staff should pay attention to education on the importance of breastfeeding for mothers and their families,help postpartum lactation to start breastfeeding,encourage in-hospital initiation of breastfeeding through in-person feeding,and adopt a variety of methods to train breastfeeding-related skills and coping methods,so as to ensure continuous breastfeeding realization.

关 键 词：婴儿 早产 母乳喂养 持续时间 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.72[医药卫生—护理学]