基于鱼类生物完整性的金沙江黑水河健康评估及修复模式探讨  

Environmental Quality Assessment Based on Fish Biotic Integrity Index and Eco-Restoration Mode Discussion for the Heishui River,Jinsha River

作　　者：郜星晨 张琪[1,2] 苏巍 李博[1,2] 姜伟 杨少荣 唐锡良[3] GAO Xing-chen;ZHANG Qi;SU Wei;LI Bo;JIANG Wei;YANG Shao-rong;TANG Xi-liang(Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Consenation of Fishes,Hubei Yichang 443100;Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation,Hubei Yichang 443100;China Three Gorges Projects Development Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610041)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所,湖北宜吕443100 [2]三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443100 [3]中国三峡建设管理有限公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2022年第1期104-112,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究”重点专项(2016YFC0502210);农业农村部长江流域渔政监督管理办公室“长江生物完整性指数指标创建及运行评估”专项(17200307);中国长江三峡集团有限公司“乌东德水库人工鱼巢设计与建设”项目(JG/18001B);国家自然科学基金(51779016)。

摘　　要：为评估金沙江下游重要替代生境黑水河受人为干扰的实际情况,以2016~2018年金沙江下游黑水河鱼类资源连续调查数据,分析了渔获物种群结构及多样性特征,构建了基于鱼类生物完整性指数的评价体系。研究表明:群落中存在红尾副鳅(IRI=6370)、横纹南鳅(IRI=2418)、短须裂腹鱼(IRI=1285)、前鳍高原鳅(IRI=788)和贝氏高原鳅(IRI=715)等9种优势种,特有物种占比较高,华西区和华南区鱼类区系存在度较高。确定了鱼类总种类数、鲤科鱼类物种数百分比、植食性鱼类个体百分比、杂食性鱼类个体百分比等4个主评指标;黑水河生物完整性保存较差,河流中下游及河口江段生态健康状况优于其他江段,在河流内部源头和中上游完整性指数处于差等级。评价结论与人工采砂、过度捕捞、引水式水电开发等实际人为干扰相吻合,以鱼类为指示物种实施了人工增殖放流、流域禁渔、拆除老木河闸坝、河道内栖息地改善、下泄流量监控等一系列水生态系统恢复和保护实践,长期开展监测与评估可验证黑水河鱼类栖息地生态修复工程的适应性效果。To evaluate the impact of human activities of the Heishui River,which could be a potential alternative habitat for the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.Based on data of fish resource yearly surveyed in 2016-2018,The population structure and biodiversity of fish resources in the lower reaches of Heishui River were analyzed.Index of biological integrity(IBI)based on fish to assess the river health was established in this study.Results showed that there were 9 dominant fish specie in the Heishui River,including Paracobitis varigatus(IRI=6370),Schistura fasciolata(IRI=2418),Schizothorax wangchiachii(IRI=1285),Triplophysa anterodorsalis(IRI=788),Trilophysa bleekeri(IRI=715)and so on.High numbers of endemic species distincted in this area,and the fish fauna was dominated by West China and South China biota.Four major metric parameters(i.e.number of species,presence of cyprinid species,proportion of omnivores individuals and proportion of herbivores individuals)were assessed by applying the fish biotic integrity index(F-IBI).The results of stream condition assessment showed that the river’s health was mainly at the status of“poor”,the middle-lower reaches and estuary section were fairly good.The assessment was consistent with the actual situation of human disturbance including the sand extraction,small hydropower development and overfishing in this river drainage.Aiming at the protection of fish biodiversity and improvement of river healthy,several situ conservation ways had applied including artificial enhancement and releasing of endemic fish,control reasonable discharge flow,closed fishing,remove the Laomuhe Dam and ecological restoration of fish habitat in this river.Long-time monitoring and evaluation can verify the adaptive effect of restoration project.

关 键 词：黑水河 生物完整性 鱼类 生态修复 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]