论经济学中的价值理论  

On Value Theories in Economics

作　　者：齐良书[1] Qi Liangshu(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经管学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2022年第1期141-159,共19页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：价值理论在经济学中占有核心地位。本文简要回顾了经济思想史上价值理论的发展过程,梳理了几种主要价值理论——劳动价值论、生产要素价值论、边际效用价值论、均衡价格理论——之间的对立和传承关系,逐一分析了这几种价值理论的基本内容,重点关注每种理论的前提假设是否合理,逻辑推演过程是否正确,尽力避免意识形态角度的评断。主要结论是:马克思主义经济学的劳动价值论是最忠于现实、逻辑也最自洽的价值理论;其他几种价值理论都存在前提假设严重脱离现实和逻辑上自相矛盾的问题。现代正统经济学中的均衡价格理论虽然能为我们分析市场经济中供求与价格间的数量关系提供方法和工具,但我们应当认识到它的局限性和缺陷。Value theory plays a central role in economics.This article briefly reviews the development of value theory in the history of economic thought,sorts out the opposition and inheritance relationships among several major value theories,including labor value theory,production factor value theory,marginal utility value theory,and equilibrium price theory,analyzes the basic content of each of these value theories avoiding ideological judgments and focusing on whether the premises and assumptions are reasonable and whether the logical deduction processes are correct.The main conclusion is that the labor value theory of Marxist economics is the value theory which is most loyal to the real world and most logically self-consistent;other value theories have problems not only in their premises and assumptions,but also in their inner logic.Although the equilibrium price theory in modern orthodox economics can provide us with methods and tools for analyzing the quantitative relationship between supply,demand and price in the market economy,we should recognize its limitations and defects.

关 键 词：价值理论 马克思主义经济学 正统经济学 经济思想史 

分 类 号：F014.31[经济管理—政治经济学]