政策目标群体的身份建构逻辑——以户籍政策及其改革为例  

The Logic of Identity Construction of Policy Target Population:Case Study of the Household Registration Policy and Its Reform

作　　者：王庆歌 孔繁斌[1] Wang Qingge;Kong Fanbin

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《公共管理与政策评论》2022年第2期35-49,共15页Public Administration and Policy Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《社会科学影响公共政策的历史、机制与中国路径研究》(21&ZD174)。

摘　　要：城市政府对不同的目标群体分配不同的政策利益,并建构了他们的政策身份。政策身份的实质是承载着政策利益分配的成员资格,是具有分配、控制和排斥功能的治理术,当众多政策利益粘附在政策身份上,易形成支配性的分配格局。本研究构建了基于多元“应得”的政策身份建构框架,以户籍政策及其改革为案例,分析公共政策对目标群体的身份建构逻辑。当城市政府依据户籍来分配城市资源和福利时,户籍身份就产生了。户籍身份的不正义在于只依据现有的城市成员资格来判断应得,而忽略了需要、贡献和公民身份等其他的应得基础,户籍政策的渐进改革正是户籍身份的逐渐修正。政策身份的建构是在影响因素下判断应得、追求共同善的复杂过程,要综合考虑需要、成员资格、贡献等多元标准,在治理的针对性和身份的平等性之间寻求平衡,增强政策身份的包容性与普惠性,使得政策身份逐渐由区分走向统一,由排斥走向包容,从而将分配正义最大限度地嵌入公共政策方案中。The city government distributes different policy benefits to different target populations and constructs their policy identities.The essence of policy identity is the membership that carries the distribution of policy benefits.It is a governance technique with the functions of distribution,control and exclusion.When many policy benefits are attached to policy identities,it is easy to form a dominant distribution pattern.This research constructs a framework of the construction of policy identity based on pluralist“deservedness”,and uses the household registration policy and its reform as a case to analyze the logic of identity construction of policy target population.The identity of household registration is produced when city government allocates urban resources and welfare based on the household registration.The injustice of the household registration identity is that it only judges the deservedness based on the existing city membership,while ignoring other basics of deservedness such as needs,contributions and citizenship.The gradual reform of the household registration policy is the gradual amendment of the household registration identity.The construction of policy identity is a complex process of judging deservedness and pursuing common good under influencing factors.It is necessary to comprehensively consider the multiple criteria such as needs,membership,contribution to seek a balance between the pertinence of governance and the equality of identity,to enhance the inclusiveness of policy identities.And so as to make policy identities gradually change from distinction to unity,from exclusion to inclusiveness,and embed distributive justice into public policy programs to the greatest extent.

关 键 词：政策目标群体 应得 政策身份 分配正义 

分 类 号：D631.42[政治法律—政治学]