施钙+嘧菌酯对猕猴桃果实品质及软腐病的影响  

Effects of Calcium and Azoxystrobin on Fruit Quality and Soft Rot Disease of Kiwifruit

作　　者：何立楠 龙友华[1,2] 张荣全 石金巧 夏福金 尹显慧[1,2] HE Linan;LONG Youhua;ZHANG Rongquan;SHI Jinqiao;XIA Fujin;YIN Xianhui(Kiwifruit Engineering Research Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Crop Protection Research,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Management Committee of the Eastern Agricultural Industrial Park of Shuicheng District,Liupanshui City,Liupanshui,Guizhou 553000)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学猕猴桃工程研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学作物保护研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [3]六盘水市水城区东部农业产业园区管理委员会,贵州六盘水553000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第5期23-28,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y016号,黔科合支撑[2019]2403号,黔科合支撑[2021]一般237);国家现代农业柑橘产业技术体系资助项目。

摘　　要：以‘贵长’猕猴桃为试材,多糖醇螯合富钠钙、无水氯化钙、硝酸钙、25%嘧菌酯SC为供试药剂,采用田间施药方法,研究了采前喷施钙+嘧菌酯对猕猴桃果实外观品质、营养指标、贮藏性及软腐病的影响,以期为猕猴桃果实品质改善和软腐病的防控提供参考依据。结果表明:采前喷施钙+嘧菌酯处理可提高猕猴桃平均纵径、平均横径、单果质量及单果体积,显著提高猕猴桃果实可溶性固形物、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量,同时减缓猕猴桃果实硬度下降速率,有效延缓猕猴桃果实软化,延迟其货架期。采前喷施钙+嘧菌酯处理对猕猴桃软腐病均具有良好的防控效果,贮藏10 d后,对照平均发病率达57.80%,处理组平均病果率均低于对照,差异极显著;防效最好的为处理B,达67.24%。综合试验结果表明采前喷施钙+嘧菌酯可有效改善猕猴桃果实品质,延长货架期,同时还可有效防治猕猴桃软腐病。The ‘Guichang’kiwifruit,polysaccharide alcohol chelated sodium-rich calcium,anhydrous calcium chloride,calcium nitrate,25% azoxystrobin SC were used as experimental materials and the field application method was adopted.The effect of pre-harvest spraying calcium+azoxystrobin on the appearance quality,nutritional index,storage and soft rot of kiwifruit fruit was studied,in order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of kiwifruit fruit quality and the prevention and control of soft rot.The results showed that pre-harvest spraying of calcium+azoxystrobin could increase the average longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,single fruit weight and single fruit volume of kiwifruit,significantly increased the content of soluble solids,chlorophyll and soluble protein in kiwifruit fruit,and at the same time slow down the decline rate of kiwifruit fruit firmness,effectively delaying the kiwifruit softens,delaying its shelf life.Pre-harvest spraying of calcium+azoxystrobin had good control effects on kiwifruit soft rot.After 10 days of storage,the average incidence rate of the control group was 57.80%,and the average disease rate of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was extremely significant;the best control effect was treatment B,up to 67.24%.The comprehensive test results showed that pre-harvest spraying of calcium+azoxystrobin could effectively improve the quality of kiwifruit,prolong the shelf life,and also effectively prevent and treat kiwifruit soft rot.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 钙 嘧菌酯 软腐病 品质 田间防效 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]