希腊罗马传统中的埃塞俄比亚瘟疫发源地说  

On the Hypothesis of the Origin of Plague in Ethiopia

作　　者：冯定雄[1] 胡美 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2022年第3期11-22,共12页History Teaching

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金一般项目“希腊罗马世界中的黑人研究”(项目编号:18BSS025)阶段性成果;2017年国家社科基金一般项目“非洲疾病演进与防控史研究”(项目编号:17BSS012);2020年度中国历史研究院学术出版资助项目(第一批)“希猎罗马世界中的黑人研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：埃塞俄比亚是瘟疫发源地的说法,至少从希腊古典时代起就盛行于整个地中海世界。该说一方面是来自希腊社会对埃塞俄比亚的荷马式童话认识及对希腊诸神的回应,另一方面则来自希腊的世俗医学理论认识。这两种认识传统在罗马得以继承和延续。到基督教产生巨大影响时期,基督教作家用基督教取代了希腊罗马的诸神来解释瘟疫产生的原因,但瘟疫的起源地之世俗医学认识则仍然沿袭了希腊罗马认识中关于瘟疫起源于埃塞俄比亚的传统,基督教作家的历史写作也继承了古典作家的传统。埃塞俄比亚瘟疫发源地说直到中世纪时代都盛行于整个地中海世界。古代作家记载的亲历瘟疫或是不容置疑的,但他们“据说”瘟疫起源于埃塞俄比亚的说法却只是希腊罗马传统说法的延续。It was at least since the classical time that the Hypothesis of the Origin of Plague in Ethiopia was popular in the whole Mediterranean world.On the one hand,the hypothesis came from the Homeric image,which was Greek society’s understanding of Ethiopia,and the response to the Greek gods,and from the Greek secular medical theory on the other hand.These two kinds of cultural traditions were inherited and continued in Rome.In the Christian tradition,Christian historians used Christianity to replace the Greco-Roman gods to explain the causes of the plague,hut the knowledge of secular medicine still followed the tradition that the plague originated from Ethiopia,Christian historians also inherited the tradition of the classical writers in their historical writings.The Hypothesis of the Origin of Plague in Ethiopia still prevailed throughout the Mediterranean world until the medieval times.It is beyond doubt that the plagues in ancient literatures are true,but the hypothesis about the origin of plague in Ethiopia in the literatures is only the continuation of Greco-Roman tradition.

关 键 词：埃塞俄比亚瘟疫发源地说 希腊罗马传统 基督教传统 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学]