构式词法的特点及其对汉语词法研究的启示——以菜名的命名模式为例  

The characteristics of Construction Morphology and its enlightenment on the study of Chinese word formation:The case of the naming patterns of Chinese dishes

作　　者：宋作艳[1] SONG Zuoyan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第2期88-102,共15页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于构式形态学的汉语词法研究”(项目编号:19BYY032)资助。

摘　　要：本文基于构式词法对一千多个菜名做了全面分析,发现表分类的向心构式最能产,有丰富的次构式,1+2式VN和N_(1)N_(2)N_(3)是其中比较独特的能产次构式。表整合的离心构式N_(1)VN_(2)和N_(1)N_(2)是菜名中的特色构式,遵循主材居右的顺序,易被重塑为向心构式。构式视角可以更好地解释与菜名相关的争议性问题,有助于菜名翻译,有助于理解表层结构与深层结构、整体与部分、词与短语的关系等重要理论问题,对汉语词法研究有诸多启示。In the framework of Construction Morphology,this paper makes a systematic study on the naming patterns of Chinese dish names.A series of schematic constructions are generalized based on more than one thousand dish names,which fall into two types:endocentric and exocentric.The endocentric constructions,consisting of various sub-constructions,are most productive.1+2 VN and N_(1)N_(2)N_(3)are special subclasses of them.The exocentric constructions are peculiar to the names of Chinese dishes.They are likely to be reanalyzed to be endocentric constructions,for the constituents referring to main ingredients are usually put on the right and are likely to be regarded as heads of these constructions.A constructional approach may better explain some issues in dispute and help to translate Chinese dish names to English.Also,it helps us to better understand the relationship between surface structure and deep structure,whole and part,and the demarcation of words and phrase,etc.We can obtain much enlightenment for Chinese word-formation study.

关 键 词：构式词法 图式 向心构式 离心构式 表层概括假设 

分 类 号：H146.1[语言文字—汉语]