免耕播种防堵技术研究现状及发展建议  

Research Status and Development Suggestions of No-tillage Seeding Anti-blocking Technology

作　　者：段益平 吴明亮[1] 吕江南[2] 向伟 颜波 马兰[2] 刘佳杰[2] DUAN Yiping;WU Mingliang;LYU Jiangnan;XIANG Wei;YAN Bo;MA Lan;LIU Jiajie(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,长沙410128 [2]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,长沙410205

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第2期124-135,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系项目(CARS-16-E21);湖南省科技厅重点项目(2019NK2151);湖南农业大学“双一流”建设项目(SYL201802018)。

摘　　要：免耕播种技术作为保护性耕作的重要部分,具有减少机具下田次数、防止土壤养分流失等多种优势。良好的防堵技术是实现免耕播种并提高机具生产效率的关键因素,也是研究免耕播种技术的重点与难点,加快防堵关键技术的研究尤为重要。针对免耕播种作业时残茬秸秆雍堵机具等问题,基于被动式和驱动式等免耕播种防堵技术,结合切茬式、分秸式、破茬式、碎秸式、抛秸式5种防堵方式,系统阐述了国内外免耕播种防堵技术研究进展以及应用概况,分析了制约防堵技术发展的因素,提出了免耕播种防堵技术的发展建议,从加强对余留残茬特性分析、改善防堵关键部件材料与加工工艺、提高免耕播种机通用性、加快智能防堵装备研发等方面展望了未来研究方向,以期为免耕播种防堵技术发展提供参考。As an important part of conservation tillage,no-tillage seeding technology has many advantages,such as reducing the number of machines going to the fields and preventing the loss of soil nutrients.Good anti-blocking technology is the key factor to realize no-tillage seeding and improve the production efficiency of machines,and it is also the key and difficult point in the research of no-tillage seeding technology.It is particularly important to accelerate the research of key anti-blocking technologies.In order to solve the problems of stubble stalk blocking machine in no-tillage seeding operation,this paper systematically expounded the research progress and application situation of no-tillage sowing blocking technology at home and abroad based on the passive and driven no-tillage seeding blocking technology,combined with the five kinds of blocking methods of stubble-cutting,straw separation,stubble breaking,broken straw and straw throwing.Then,this paper analyzed the factors restricting the development of blocking technology,and put forward the focus of no-tillage seeding blocking technology.Finally,this paper looked forward to the future research directions from many aspects including strengthening the analysis of residual stubble characteristics,improving material and processing technology of key parts for anti-blocking,improving the universality of no-tillage seeder,accelerating the development of intelligent blocking equipment,so as to provide reference for the development of no-tillage seeding blocking technology.

关 键 词：免耕播种 防堵技术 研究现状 发展建议 

分 类 号：S225.913[农业科学—农业机械化工程]