施用钾肥对蕲春蕲艾产量、出绒率及品质的影响  

Effects of Potassium Application on Growth,Yield and Quality of Artemisia argyi

作　　者：陈昌婕 马琳 苗玉焕 郭兰萍[2] 刘大会[1] CHEN Changjie;MA Lin;MIAO Yuhuan;GUO Lanping;LIU Dahui(Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Center,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base,National Resouce Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Material Science,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中医药大学中药资源中心,武汉430065 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第2期201-209,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017FYC1700704);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB554506);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：为明确钾肥施用量对蕲春县蕲艾产量和品质的影响,设置0(K_(0))、60(K_(60))、120(K_(120))、180(K_(180))和240 kg·hm^(-2)(K240)5个施钾处理,采用2年田间试验研究了不同施钾量对蕲艾农艺性状、药材产量、叶片出绒率、叶片中总挥发油和7种挥发性成分含量、总黄酮和9种黄酮、酚酸类成分含量以及矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥能促进蕲艾的生长发育,显著提高艾叶产量。与K0处理相比,K180处理的产量在2018和2019年分别增长了47.2%和53.6%;施用钾肥后蕲艾出绒率分别提高了1.3%~23.1%(2018)和11.1%~40.6%(2019);随着钾肥施用量的增加,艾叶中总挥发油、桉油精、樟脑、龙脑、α-石竹烯、总黄酮、异绿原酸A、棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素含量呈降低趋势。相关分析表明,艾叶的产量和出绒率与叶片中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素含量呈显著正相关;而叶片中有效成分含量与K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素含量呈显著负相关。综合考虑蕲艾产量、出绒率、挥发油、黄酮和酚酸成分含量等因素,在蕲春县蕲艾种植生产中,钾肥推荐施用量为120~180 kg·hm^(-2),为蕲艾规范化种植、科学施用钾肥提供了理论依据。In order to clarify the effect of potassium fertilizer on Artemisia argyi in Qichun County,a two-year field experiment was conducted and 5 dosages of potassium fertilizer treatments(0,60,120,180 and 240 kg·hm^(-2),named K_(0),K_(60),K120,K_(180),K_(240),respectively)were set.The agronomic trait,yield,the content of total volatile oil,7 kinds of volatile components,total flavonoids,9 kinds of flavonoids and phenolic acid components and mineral elements in the leaves of Artemisia argyi were analyzed.The result showed that the application of K fertilizer was beneficial to promote the growth and yield of Artemisia argyi.The yield of K180 treatment were increased by 18.4%and 24.3%in 2018 and 2019,respectively.And the application of K fertilizer could increase the output rate of Artemisia argyi leaves and promote the growth and branching of non-glandular hair,which the output rate increased by 1.3%~23.1%(2018)and 11.1%~40.6%(2019),respectively.With the increase of K fertilizer,the contents of total volatile oil,eucalyptus oleoresin,camphor,borneol,total flavonoids,isochlorogenic acid A,cyanidin,and isozanthin in the leaves of Artemisia argyi decreased.The contents of K,Ca,Fe and Zn in leaves of Artemisia argyi significantly positively correlated with the K application rate,while the contents of active ingredients significantly negatively correlated with the contents of K,Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn.Taking into account the factors such as the yield,cashmere yield and the content of volatile oil,flavonoids and phenolic acids in the leaves of Artemisia argyi,the suitable amount of K fertilizer was 120~180 kg·hm^(-2),which provided a scientific basis for K management in the artificial planting of Artemisia argyi in Qichun County,China.

关 键 词：蕲艾 施钾量 产量 出绒率 挥发油 黄酮 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]