通风速率对异位发酵床处理肉鸭粪污的效果研究  

Effect of Ventilation Rate on Treatment of Meat Duck Manure by Ectopic Fermentation System

作　　者：马金智 朱志平[1] 卢连水 张万钦[1] MA Jinzhi;ZHU Zhiping;LU Lianshui;ZHANG Wanqin(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Hebei Dongfeng Breeding Co.Ltd.,Heibei Cangzhou 062350,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]河北东风养殖有限公司,河北沧州062350

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第3期210-217,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家水禽产业技术体系项目(CARS-42-23)。

摘　　要：为探究不同通风速率对异位发酵床处理肉鸭粪污的效果,以锯末和稻壳按6∶4体积比配制发酵初始垫料,设置3个处理(A1、A2、A3),通风速率分别为0.02、0.05、0.10 m^(3)·min^(−1)·m^(−3),通过每日定量向异位发酵装置中投加肉鸭粪污,监测38 d发酵过程中垫料的理化指标以及腐熟状况。结果表明,3种通风速率下,A1、A2和A3处理的温度值分别为49.98、51.29和49.36℃,>50℃的高温天数分别为23、28和20 d,通风结束时氧含量分别为12.61%、16.41%和18.16%,氧气消耗速率分别为0.20%、0.26%和0.24%·min^(−1)。试验期间,3种处理pH 7.05~8.10,含水率50%~70%,均能为微生物生长繁殖提供适宜生长环境。试验结束时,3种处理的发芽指数均在95%以上,未检测到粪大肠菌群,蛔虫卵死亡率100%,Cu、Zn重金属均未超标,符合安全性要求。全氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、有机质含量在处理间无显著差异。综上所述,异位发酵床采用通5 min停10 min的通风间隔下,0.05 m^(3)·min^(−1)·m^(−3)通风速率处理肉鸭粪污效果最优。To explore the effect of different ventilation rate on the treatment of meat duck manure by an ectopic fermentation system,the sawdust:rice husk(6:4)volume ration had been used as the initial bedding material for fermentation,and 3 treatments(A1,A2,A3)of the ventilation rates were set as 0.02,0.05 and 0.10 m^(3)·min^(−1)·m^(−3).Quantified duck manure was daily added into the ectopic fermentation device. The physical and chemical indicators and maturity of the litter were monitored within 38 d fermentation process. The results showed that temperatures under A1,A2 and A3 were 49.98,51.29 and 49.36 ℃,respectively;and the oxygen consumption rates were 0.20%,0.26% and 0.24%·min^(-1). During the test,the pH of the 3 treatments were maintained at 7.05~8.10,and the moisture contents were 50%~70%,all of which could provide a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the end of the test,the GI of the 3 treatments were above 95%,fecal coliform was not detected,hatched from eggs mortality was 100%,and the heavy metals of Cu and Zn did not exceed the standard,which met the safety requirements. There were no significant differences on contents of total nitrogen,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,and organic matter between different ventilation rates. Based on the indicators introduced above,ventilation rate of 0.05 m^(3)·min^(−1)·m^(−3) was the best for the treatment of meat duck manure with the ventilation interval of 5 min and 10 min.

关 键 词：通风速率 异位发酵床 肉鸭粪污 

分 类 号：S834[农业科学—畜牧学]