长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征  

Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：王丹[1,2] 周宝元[1] 马玮[1] 葛均筑[3] 丁在松 李从锋[1] 赵明[1] WANG Dan;ZHOU Bao-Yuan;MA Wei;GE Jun-Zhu;DING Zai-Song;LI Cong-Feng;ZHAO Ming(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Maize Science,Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tongliao 028042,Inner Mongo-lia,China;College of Agronomy&Resource and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]通辽市农业科学研究院玉米研究所,内蒙古通辽028042 [3]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第6期1437-1450,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-12);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300207)资助。

摘　　要：探明长江中游双季玉米不同类型品种搭配模式的周年产量及气候资源分配与利用特征,可为该地区双季玉米种植模式应用和发展提供理论依据。本研究于2015—2017年在湖北武穴开展定位试验,定量研究了双季玉米不同品种搭配模式的周年产量、生物量及光温水资源分配与利用效率。结果表明,不同品种搭配模式[低积温品种-高积温品种(the low GDD variety-high GDD variety,LH)、中积温品种-中积温品种(the medium GDD variety-medium GDD variety,MM)、中积温品种-高积温品种(the medium GDD variety-high GDD variety,MH)和高积温品种-中积温品种(the high GDD variety-medium GDD variety,HM)],两季间光温资源分配差异较大,HM搭配模式第一季和周年积温和辐射分配量显著高于MM、MH和LH搭配模式,而第二季积温和辐射分配量显著低于其他模式;HM模式第一季积温和辐射分配率分别为49%和52%,第二季积温和辐射分配率分别为46%和44%,两季积温和辐射比值分别为1.1和1.2。4种搭配模式季节间及周年降水量无显著差异。不同品种搭配模式季节间光温资源分配差异导致产量和生物量变化较大,由于HM搭配模式两季光温分配与玉米生长需求匹配度较高,其周年产量、干物质积累量均显著高于MM、MH和LH,3年平均增幅分别为8.4%~24.5%和9.7%~29.6%;HM周年光温生产效率、籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率均显著高于MM、MH和LH,其中周年积温生产效率平均增幅2.9%~14.3%,周年辐射生产效率平均增幅5.5%~18.4%,籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率分别提高0.05%~0.16%和0.16%~0.39%。通过产量和资源利用效率分析,HM搭配模式可作为长江中游地区双季玉米高产高效种植最佳的品种搭配方式,为该地区双季玉米种植模式的大面积应用推广及种植结构优化调整提供理论依据和技术支撑。Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution, and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resource distribution are helpful to provide theoretical basis for establishing the double maize cropping system. In this study, to analyze the annual grain yield, biomass, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climate resource of double maize cropping system with different variety collocation, the experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Wuxue, Hubei province. The distribution and utilization of climatic resource of different variety collocation was different.The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate of HM in the first season and annual were significantly higher than the other variety collocation, but on the contrary in the second season. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the first season of HM was 49% and 52%, respectively. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the second season of HM was 46% and 44%. The accumulative ratio of temperature and radiation between two seasons of HM was 1.1 and 1.2. The precipitation distribution rate of two seasons and annual among the four variety collocations were no significantly different. The difference of the accumulative temperature and radiation among different variety collocations resulted in the changes of grain yield and biomass. Because of a high matching degree between the distribution of climatic resource and the growth demand of maize in HM. The annual grain yield and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM,MH, and LH, with an average increase of 8.4%–24.5% and 9.7%–29.6%, respectively. The annual accumulative temperature and radiation, radiation use efficiency of grain, and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH,with an average increase of 2.9%–14.3% in the annual accumulative temperature production efficiency, 5.5%–18.4% in the annual rad

关 键 词：双季玉米 品种搭配 资源分配 产量 资源利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]