大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价  

Adaptation of feed crops to saline-alkali soil stress and effect of improving saline-alkali soil

作　　者：王旺年 葛均筑 杨海昌 阴法庭 黄太利 蒯婕 王晶 汪波[1] 周广生[1] 傅廷栋[1] WANG Wang-Nian;GE Jun-Zhu;YANG Hai-Chang;YIN Fa-Ting;HUANG Tai-Li;KUAI Jie;WANG Jing;WANG Bo;ZHOU Guang-Sheng;FU Ting-Dong(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;College of Agriculture and Resource Environment,Tianjin Agricultural College,Tianjin 300384,China;Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yulin Branch of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin 537000,Guangxi,China;Daye Ani-mal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau,Daye 435100,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384 [3]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [4]玉林市农业科学院/广西农业科学院玉林分院,广西玉林537000 [5]大冶市畜牧兽医局,湖北大冶435100

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第6期1451-1462,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“大田经济作物优质丰产的生理基础与调控”(2018YFD1000900);新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2018AA005-1),新疆生产建设兵团科技合作计划项目(2020BC001);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02003)资助。

摘　　要：我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大的地块,种植具有饲料价值的玉米、高粱、小麦、谷子、大豆、油菜等大田作物,测定生物学产量、植株粗蛋白含量、钠离子、钾离子含量等指标。结果表明,在NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地,当其含盐量分别低于1.82 g kg^(–1)和2.00 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均与常规耕地接近,可作为饲料生产基地加以利用;当Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量达2.49 g kg^(–1)时,油菜生物学及蛋白质产量均显著高于其他作物,因此可种植油菜作饲料开发利用;当NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量分别达3.63 g kg^(–1)和4.42 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,利用价值低,建议改良后利用。在两试验点的不同地块,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量均显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤全盐量和Na^(+)含量。本试验中,在含盐量分别为1.82、2.00、2.49 g kg^(–1)的地块中,油菜富集Na^(+)效果最为明显,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量分别为39.45、102.24、57.19 kg hm^(-2),分别占0~20 cm耕层土壤Na^(+)的13.02%、15.99%、8.94%,盐碱地改良效果显著。上述结果为利用我国盐碱地进行草食饲料原料生产,促进草食畜牧业发展及盐碱地改良提供了参考。Saline-alkali land widely distributes with large area in China.It is of great significance to select forage crops and realize planting and breeding cycle in saline-alkali land to promote the development of herbivorous animal husbandry and the improvement of saline-alkali land in China.In this study,the plots with high salinity difference were selected from the coastal saline-alkali land in Tianjin(NaCl type)and the inland saline-alkali land in northwest Xinjiang(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) type),respectively,and six field crops such as corn,sorghum,wheat,millet,soybean,and rapeseed with feed value were planted to determine the biomass,crude protein content,sodium and potassium ion content,and other indicators.The results were as follows.When the salt content was less than 1.82 g kg^(–1) and 2.00 g kg^(–1) in saline-alkali land NaCl type and Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) type,respectively.The biomass and crude protein yield of the crops were close to those of conventional cultivated land,suggesting that saline-alkali land in low salt content could be used as forage production base.When the salt content reached 2.49 g kg^(–1) in the Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) type saline-alkali soil,the biomass and crude protein yield of rapeseed were significantly higher than other crops.Thus,in the Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) type saline-alkali soil with salt content lower than 2.49 g kg^(–1),rapeseed could be planted for fodder development and utilization.When the salt content in saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) type reached 3.63 g kg^(–1) and 4.42 g kg^(–1),respectively.The biomass and crude protein yield of each crop was lower than 51.72%of that in conventional cultivated land,which made the utilization value of the cultivated land low.Therefore,it was recommended to use these saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3) with high content salt and alkali after improvement.In the different plots of the two experimental sites,the enrichment of Na^(+) in soil by rapeseed was significantly higher tha

关 键 词：饲料作物 生物学产量 粗蛋白产量 土壤盐含量 Na^(+)含量 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学] S156.4[农业科学—畜牧学]