玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响  

Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system

作　　者：杨欢[1] 周颖 陈平[1] 杜青[1] 郑本川[1] 蒲甜 温晶 杨文钰[1] 雍太文[1] YANG Huan;ZHOU Ying;CHEN Ping;DU Qing;ZHENG Ben-Chuan;PU Tian;WEN Jing;YANG Wen-Yu;YONG Tai-Wen(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Taoyuan County Agriculture Bureau,Changde 415700,Hunan,China;Yucheng Municipal Agriculture Bureau,Dezhou 251200,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130 [2]桃源县农业农村局,湖南常德415700 [3]禹城市农业农村局,山东德州251200

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第6期1476-1487,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872856);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD030020205)资助。

摘　　要：为明确玉米大豆套作、玉米花生间作养分吸收利用对产量优势贡献的差异。本研究开展了2年大田试验,通过比较间套作与相应单作成熟期植株氮磷钾养分吸收量和利用效率,综合分析了玉米大豆套作、玉米花生间作中养分吸收和利用效率的变化。结果表明:玉米大豆套作土地当量比(land equivalent ratio,LER)为1.16~1.72,具有套作产量优势,玉米花生间作LER为0.89~1.13,无明显间作产量优势。玉米大豆套作体系中,植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高32.60%~54.22%、27.35%~34.64%和17.74%~24.42%,氮素利用效率低于相应单作21.99%~42.07%。氮、磷、钾吸收效率对LER的贡献分别为0.34~0.62、0.31~0.46和0.22~0.32,利用效率的贡献分别为–0.11~–0.35、–0.03~–0.31和–0.11~0.22。玉米花生间作体系中,氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量分别高出相应单作–7.86%~31.58%、23.09%~46.52%和1.60%~55.48%,氮素利用效率高出相应单作7.55~26.60。氮、磷、钾吸收效率对LER的贡献分别为0~0.22、0.05~0.27和–0.11~0.32,利用效率的贡献分别为–0.25~0.19、–0.32~0.11和–0.47~0.32。因此,玉米大豆套作优势在营养方面的基础主要来自于相对于单作养分吸收总量的增加,而玉米花生间作无明显间作优势主要因为养分吸收对产量优势的贡献较小。To clarify the difference of nutrient uptake and utilization to yield advantage between maize-soybean relay intercropping and maize-peanut intercropping, we conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years. The results were obtained by comparing nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) absorption efficiency and utilization in the intercropping with sole cropping. The results showed that land equivalent ratio(LER) of maize-soybean relay intercropping was 1.16–1.72, which had the advantage of intercropping yield, but the LER of maize-peanut intercropping was 0.89–1.13, which had no obvious yield disadvantage. In maize-soybean relay intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by 32.60%-54.22%, 27.35%–34.64, and 17.74%–24.42%, respectively, but the N utilization efficiency was lower by 21.99%–42.07%. The contributions of the N, P, and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0.34–0.62, 0.31–0.46, and 0.22–0.32,and the utilization efficiencies contributions were –0.11 to-0.35, –0.03 to –0.31, and –0.11 to 0.22, respectively. In maize-peanut intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by –7.86% to 31.58%, 23.09%–46.52%, and 1.60%–55.48%, respectively, and the N utilization efficiency was higher by 7.55–26.60. The contributions of the N, P and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0–0.22, 0.05–0.27, and –0.11–0.32, respectively, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were –0.25-0.19, –0.32–0.11, and –0.47–0.32, respectively. In conclusion, yield advantage of maize-soybean relay intercropping was mainly from enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, but there was no obvious yield advantage in maize-peanut intercropping mainly due to relatively less contribution of nutrient uptake to yield advantage.

关 键 词：玉米大豆套作 玉米花生间作 养分吸收量 养分利用效率 产量优势 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S565.2S513