欧盟统一国际私法的经验与未来——“法律趋同化理论”的当代实践  

The Experience and Future of the Unified Private International Law in EU——Contemporary Practice of “Assimilation Tendency of Law Theory”

作　　者：许凯 Xu Kai

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第2期125-136,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色自由贸易港国际法治研究”(20&ZD205)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当代欧盟国际私法对法律趋同化理论的实践依托于两大基石:一是从成员国中心主义的条约模式,转变为共同体中心主义的超国家立法模式,二是独立释法的超国家司法机构。作为直接趋同方式的典型,布鲁塞尔体系以相互信任原则为中心推动判决自由流动目标的实现,罗马条例体系则凭借统一冲突法方式寻求法律适用确定性的目标,两者相得益彰并逐渐迈向合流。英国脱欧一方面意味着间接趋同方式的回归,另一方面也反映出法律趋同化理论的局限性,未来的欧盟应重新认知法律多样性与统一性的矛盾关系。当代欧盟统一国际私法的经验对中国国际私法内外体系的完善提供了三点启示:一是国际私法立法模式的法典化路径;二是通过统一立法与多边化司法协同实现区际私法的再优化;三是辩证化理解法律趋同化理论,既要积极加入判决自由流动的国际条约,更要建构具有中国特色的国际私法规范体系。Contemporary practice of assimilation tendency of law theory in EU private international law relies on two conditions. For one thing, the legislative model has changed from member state centrism to community centrism. On the other hand, the EU has set up a supranational judiciary system to interpret EU law independently. As the typical example of direct assimilation, the Brussels regulation system takes the principle of mutual trust as the center strength to promote the realization of the free flow of judgments, while the Rome regulation system seeks the goal of certainty in the application of law by means of unified conflict of laws. The two systems complement each other and gradually move towards confluence. Brexit means the return of indirect assimilation, but it also reflects the limitations of assimilation tendency of law theory.EU should re-understand the contradictory relationship between legal diversity and unity in the future. The contemporary experience of unified private international law in EU provides three enlightenments for the improvement of China’s private international law. Firstly, the codification of China’s private international law should be adopted in the future. Secondly, the re-optimization of China’s interregional private law is realized through the coordination of unified legislation and multilateral justice. Thirdly, we should dialectically understand the assimilation tendency of law theory, not only actively participate in international treaties on the free flow of judgments, but also construct the normative system of private international law with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：法律趋同化 欧盟国际私法 布鲁塞尔体系 罗马条例体系 英国脱欧 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]