化肥减施对荔枝园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on the function diversity of soil microbial community in litchi orchard

作　　者：李焕苓[1] 查晋燕 魏志远[2] 侯宪文[1] 姜成东[3] 王家保[1] LI Huan-ling;ZHA Jin-yan;WEI Zhi-yuan;HOU Xian-wen;JIANG Cheng-dong;WANG Jia-bao(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou Hainan 571101;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571101;Horticulture College,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,农业农村部儋州农业环境科学观察实验站,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101 [3]海南大学园艺学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期25-33,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202100);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018236);现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-03)。

摘　　要：为探明化肥减施对荔枝园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,利用Biolog ECO技术对不同施肥处理[T0(果农习惯施肥处理)和T1~T9(不同化肥减施处理)]荔枝园土壤微生物的功能多样性进行了研究。结果表明,土壤微生物群落的平均颜色变化率(AWCD值)增长的拐点在培养120 h时,以此时的AWCD值为指标进行正交试验方差分析,3个因素对AWCD值的影响排序为无机肥>枝叶还田方式>有机肥,AWCD值最大的是T2处理(枝叶粉粹覆盖、增施有机肥、减施无机肥而高磷肥),最小的是T9处理(枝叶粉碎填埋、有机肥和无机肥用量最少、且磷肥投入最少),其他处理(T1、T3~T8)间无显著差异。为比较化肥减施处理(T1~T9)和果农习惯施肥处理T0的差异,以不同施肥处理作为单因素进行方差分析。结果发现:各处理间AWCD值和McIntosh多样性指数的结果趋势一致,即T2处理的AWCD值和McIntosh多样性指数最高,T0(枝叶直接回田、低有机肥、高无机肥但低磷肥)和T9处理较低,与T2处理呈显著差异,其余处理间无显著差异;各处理间Shannon-winener丰富度指数没有显著差异。不同施肥处理微生物功能多样性的区别在于对糖类、胺类、酚酸类和聚合物类4类碳源利用的差异。土壤中有效磷含量与土壤微生物群落对氨基酸类碳源的利用及其McIntosh多样性指数呈显著正相关。综上,枝叶粉碎覆盖、增施有机肥、高磷肥的化肥减施处理较枝叶直接回田、低有机肥、高无机肥但低磷肥的果农习惯施肥处理显著提高了土壤微生物的功能多样性。Biolog ECO microplate technology was used to explore soil microbial community diversity in litchi orchard under different fertilization methods,including the farmer conventional fertilization(T0)and different chemical fertilizer reduction methods(T1~T9).The results showed that the inflection point of the average well color development(AWCD)of soil microbial communities was appeared at the incubation time of 120 h.Orthogonal analysis of variance showed the rank of factors according to the AWCD at 120 h incubation was the inorganic fertilizer>the way of branches and leaves returning>the organic fertilizer.T2 was the best fertilization method,which applied more manure and phosphorus(P)fertilizer and covered with the crushed branches and leaves.AWCD of T9 was significantly lower than that of T2,which applied the lowest manure,inorganic fertilizer and P fertilizer,and buried with crushed branches and leaves.There were no significant differences between other treatments(T1,T3~T8).In order to compare the different effects between the farmer conventional fertilization(T0)and different chemical fertilizer reduction methods(T1~T9),the different fertilization methods were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.AWCD and McIntosh index of T0 and T9 were significantly lower than those of T2,while other treatments were no signification.The Shannon-wiener richness index was no significant difference in all treatments.The different fertilization resulted in the variation of the carbon utilization,which mainly on the carbohydrates,amines,phenolic acids and polymers.The contents of soil available phosphorus were positively correlated with McIntosh index and the carbon utilization of amino acids.In summary,compared to the farmer conventional fertilization(T0),the chemical fertilizer reduction method(T2)which used more manure and P fertilizer and covered with the crushed branches and leaves significantly improved the function diversity of soil microbial community.

关 键 词：荔枝 Biolog ECO 化肥减施 土壤微生物 功能多样性 碳源利用 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]