优化配方施肥对华北地区露地辣椒产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of optimized fertilization on yield,quality,nutrient absorption and utilization of open-field pepper in North China

作　　者：史建硕 郭丽[1,2] 王丽英 任燕利[1,2] 李若楠 张彦才[1,2] 李廷瑞 SHI Jian-shuo;GUO Li;WANG Li-ying;REN Yan-li;LI Ruo-nan;ZHANG Yan-cai;LI Ting-rui(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050051;Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050051)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期86-92,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200401)。

摘　　要：为明确华北地区露地辣椒适宜的肥料配方,以露地辣椒羊角红一号为试验材料,在基施有机肥的基础上,设置不施化肥氮(N0)、优化配方施肥(N2)、80%N优化配方施肥(N1)、120%N优化配方施肥(N3)、优化配方施肥添加中微量元素(N2+TE)、常规施肥(CF)6个处理,旨在研究优化配方施肥对露地辣椒产量、品质、养分吸收利用以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:在磷、钾肥充足的条件下,不同施氮量的优化配方施肥均有增产效应,表现为N2+TE>N2>N1>N3>CF,添加中微量元素处理增产效果最好,较CF处理增产27.52%;辣椒果实中的硝酸盐、可溶性总糖和可溶性固形物含量随着施氮量的增加而增加,但维生素C却随着施氮量的增加而降低,相对于CF处理,有机无机配施能够显著降低硝酸盐含量;优化配方施肥能够显著增加辣椒氮磷钾吸收量,但添加中微量元素对提高养分吸收的效果不显著;氮肥表观利用率和农学效率分别为13.24%~24.63%和10.78~54.31 kg/kg,以N2+TE处理最好。每形成1000 kg鲜辣椒N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分吸收量分别为4.10、1.59和6.06 kg,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O吸收比例为1∶0.39∶1.48。N2+TE处理的纯收益和产投比均最高,分别为88970元/hm^(2)和15.1。综上所述,华北地区露地辣椒基施有机肥在7500 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O推荐量分别为225、97、368 kg/hm^(2),适量添加钙、镁、硼等中微量元素能够显著提高产量、品质、养分吸收利用和经济效益。In order to determine the appropriate fertilizer formulation for open-field peppers in North China,on the basis of basal application of organic fertilizer,six treatments were set up:no chemical nitrogen(N0),optimized fertilization(N2),80%N optimized fertilization(N1),120%N optimized fertilization(N3),optimized fertilization with the addition of trace elements(N2+TE),conventional fertilization(CF).The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of optimized fertilization on yield,quality,nutrient absorption and utilization,and economic efficiency of open field peppers.The results showed that:under the condition of sufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,the optimized fertilization with different nitrogen dosage had the effect of increasing yield,as shown by N2+TE>N2>N1>N3>CF,and the addition of trace elements treatment had the best effect of increasing yield,with 27.52% of yield increase compared with CF treatment.The nitrate content,soluble total sugars,and soluble solids in pepper increased with increasing nitrogen application,while the content of vitamin C decreased.Compared with CF treatment,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers reduced nitrate content significantly.Optimized fertilization was able to significantly increase nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption in peppers,but the addition of trace elements was not effective in improving nutrient absorption.The fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 13.24%~24.63%,the agronomic efficiency was 10.78~54.31 kg/kg,and the N2+TE treatment was the best.The nutrient absorption of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O for each 1000 kg of fresh pepper was 4.10,1.59 and 6.06 kg,respectively,and the optimum ratio of N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O was 1∶0.39∶1.48.The N2+TE treatment gave the highest net return and output-input ratio of 88970 yuan/hm^(2) and 15.1,respectively.In summary,on the basis of 7500 kg/hm^(2) of organic fertilizer applied to pepper,the recommended amount of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O are 225,97 and 368 kg/hm^(2),respectivel

关 键 词：优化配方施肥 露地辣椒 产量 品质 养分吸收利用 经济效益 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]