硅钙钾镁肥对减氮后水果黄瓜产量和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of fertilizer of silicon calcium potassium magnesium application under reduced-nitrogen level on yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of fruit cucumber

作　　者：黄奇伟 卢惠敏 吴伊鑫 梁永超[1] 彭红云[1] HUANG Qi-wei;LU Hui-min;WU Yi-xin;LIANG Yong-chao;PENG Hong-yun(College of Environmental&Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Key laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health,Ministry of Education,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,教育部污染环境修复与生态健康重点实验室,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期123-127,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2018C02036);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y201941450)。

摘　　要：为减少氮肥施用和环境污染、提高肥料利用率,研究减氮条件下硅钙钾镁肥对水果黄瓜产量和氮肥利用率的影响。以两种水果黄瓜(“碧禧”和“夏之光”)为试验材料,在大棚中设置正常施氮和减施30%氮量2个氮水平下的8个处理,重复3次。采收后测定水果黄瓜果实的小区产量、计算氮肥利用率,测定土壤碱解氮和硝酸盐含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,不施硅钙钾镁肥且减施30%氮肥量的两种水果黄瓜,其小区产量和硝酸盐含量均显著降低,小区产量最低为45.47 kg。但在施硅钙钾镁肥且减施30%氮肥量的处理组中,两种水果黄瓜的果实产量、氮肥利用率均显著高于对照组,小区产量最高为61.75 kg,氮肥偏生产力最高为64.92 kg·kg^(-1);硝酸盐含量显著下降,最低为199.57 mg·kg^(-1)。施硅钙钾镁肥后,两种水果黄瓜各项指标的变化规律相似。综上,减少氮肥施用量时,硅钙钾镁肥能够促进水果黄瓜前中期的生长,提高水果黄瓜产量和氮肥利用率,降低硝酸盐含量,同时缓解过量施氮引起的环境问题。In order to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application and environmental pollution as well as improve fertilizer efficiency,the effects of fertilizer of silicon calcium potassium magnesium on the yield and nitrogen efficiency of fruit cucumber were studied under the condition of nitrogen reduction.Two kinds of fruit cucumber(“Bixi”and“Sunset”)were used as experimental materials.8 treatments including two levels of nitrogen fertilizer application(normal nitrogen application and 30%reduction application)were set up in the greenhouse with 3 replicates for each treatment.After harvest,the fruit yield in each plot was measured,nitrogen use efficiency,agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity for applied nitrogen were calculated.The content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen and nitrate in soil was determined.The results showed that,as compared with the control group,application of 30%reduced nitrogen fertilizer group caused the significant decrease in the plot yield and nitrate content of cucumber.The lowest plot yield was 45.47 kg.However,in the treatment group with fertilizer of silicon calcium potassium magnesium application,together with reduced nitrogen fertilizer amount by 30%,the fruit yield,nitrogen use efficiency of two kinds of fruit cucumber were significantly higher than those of the control group.The maximum plot yield was 61.75 kg.The highest partial factor productivity for applied nitrogen was 64.92 kg·kg^(-1),respectively,while the nitrate content were decreased significantly,and the lowest was 199.57 mg·kg^(-1).After applying silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer,the change rules of each index for two kinds of cucumber were similar.Above all,under the reduced amount application of nitrogen fertilizer,the application of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer can promote the growth of fruit cucumber in the early and middle stage,improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of fruit cucumber,and reduce the content of nitrate,as well as alleviate the environmen

关 键 词：水果黄瓜 减氮 硅钙钾镁肥 产量 硝酸盐 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]