有机营养液灌溉下发酵秸秆添加生物炭对番茄生长和品质影响  

Effect of straw block with biochar addition on the growth and fruit quality of tomato under the irrigation of organic nutrient solution

作　　者：曹行行 杨官凯 祁瑞雪 武育芳 张雪艳[1] CAO Hang-hang;YANG Guan-kai;QI Rui-xue;WU Yu-fang;ZHANG Xue-yan(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期134-142,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目国际合作项目(2019BEH03001);自治区科技创新领军人才(KJT2017001);宁夏回族自治区“青年拔尖人才培养工程”。

摘　　要：针对玉米秸秆资源化利用率低,化肥大量施用造成作物减产、品质下降等问题,利用玉米秸秆直接压缩成块作为栽培基质,设计添加生物炭处理,并进行有机和无机营养液灌溉的研究,具体处理为发酵秸秆块+无机营养液灌溉(S_(I))、发酵秸秆块+有机营养液灌溉(S_(O))、发酵秸秆块+生物炭+无机营养液灌溉(SB_(I))和发酵秸秆块+生物炭+有机营养液灌溉(SB_(O)),系统评价其对番茄植株长势、光合和荧光特性、果实特性与品质的影响。结果表明,生长前期和中期,发酵秸秆块添加生物炭处理相对纯秸秆块处理显著增加株高、地上部和地下部鲜重、地上部干重、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度;同一栽培基质下,有机和无机营养灌溉对番茄植株株高、地上部和地下部生物量累积、气孔导度和蒸腾速率无显著影响,但SB_(O)的株高、地上部与地下部干、鲜重均最高,相比S_(I),地上部和地下部鲜重分别增加了39.97%和44.26%,地上部与地下部干重分别增加了20.52%和40.15%。发酵秸秆块添加生物炭相比纯秸秆块处理,显著降低了可溶性糖含量,增加了番茄产量;同一栽培基质下,有机营养液灌溉相对无机营养液灌溉显著降低有机酸含量,增加糖酸比,且在秸秆块添加生物炭处理下,SB_(O)可溶性固形物含量和番茄产量相比S_(I)分别显著增加了4.3%和11.19%,有机酸含量降低了31.25%。主成分分析表明,发酵秸秆块添加生物炭处理相对纯发酵秸秆块处理在PC1上显著分开,在PC2上,有机与无机营养液灌溉显著分开,且SB_(O)处理有最高的综合得分。因此,发酵秸秆块添加生物炭处理下有机营养液灌溉显著改善光合和蒸腾速率,增加番茄地上部和地下部生物量累积,提高果实品质,增加番茄产量。Because of the low utilization rate of corn stalk resources,the large-scale chemical fertilizer application has caused crop yields and quality declines.The corn straw was directly compressed into blocks as the cultivation substrate,biochar,organic and inorganic nutrient solutions were used to systematically evaluate their effects on tomato plant growth,photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics,fruit characteristics,and quality.The specific treatments were straw block+inorganic nutrient solution(S_(I)),straw block+organic nutrient solution(S_(O)),straw block+biochar+inorganic nutrient solution(SB_(I))and straw block+biochar+organic nutrient solution(SB_(O)).The results showed that in the early and middle periods of growth,the treatment of straw block with biochar added significantly increased plant height,fresh weight of aboveground and underground,dry weight of above ground,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance compared with pure straw block treatment.In the same substrate conditions,organic and inorganic nutrition irrigation had no significant effect on tomato plant height,aboveground and underground biomass accumulation,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,but SB_(O) had the highest plant height,aboveground and underground dry and fresh weight.Compared with S_(I),the fresh weight of aboveground and underground of SB_(O) were increased by 39.97% and 44.26%,respectively,and the dry weight of aboveground and underground were increased by 20.52% and 40.15% respectively.Compared with pure straw block treatment,the addition of biochar to the straw block significantly reduced the soluble sugar content and increased the tomato fruit yield.In the same substrate conditions,the organic nutrient solution irrigation significantly reduced the organic acid content and increased the sugar-acid ratio compared with the inorganic nutrient solution irrigation.Compared with S_(I),the soluble solid content of SB_(O) and tomato fruit yield were significantly increased by 4.3% and 11.19%,and

关 键 词：秸秆块 生物炭 全有机营养液 光合荧光特性 番茄品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]