生物质炭对雨养旱作区娃娃菜生长及水肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of biochar on the growth and water and fertilizer use efficiency of baby cabbage in rain-fed dryland areas

作　　者：曹少娜 李玉莲 李颖 张倩男 王倩 CAO Shao-na;LI Yu-lian;LI Ying;ZHANG Qian-nan;WANG Qian(Guyuan Branch,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan Ningxia 756000)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期143-151,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院农业科技自主创新专项(NKYQ-20-06)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆生物质炭对娃娃菜产量和水肥利用效率的影响机理,确定出适合宁南山区雨养旱作娃娃菜的最佳秸秆生物质炭添加量。以金皇后为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,共设8个处理,每处理重复3次。分析不同处理对雨养旱作区娃娃菜生长、产量和品质及土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,未施氮肥时,添加生物质炭10 t·hm^(-2)对叶片净光合速率累计值影响较大,添加20 t·hm^(-2)时地下部分干、鲜物质质量的积累最大,当生物质炭添加至30 t·hm^(-2)时,则可显著提高后期叶绿素含量;相反,施氮肥后,添加生物质炭20 t·hm^(-2)利于娃娃菜生长,可显著提高可溶性蛋白含量,降低硝酸盐含量(524.63 mg·kg^(-1)),提高娃娃菜的单株重(1992.74 g)、单株净重(1431.33 g)、生物产量(159.50 t·hm^(-2))、经济产量(114.56 t·hm^(-2))和水肥利用效率(17.00%~56.31%),当生物质炭添加至30 t·hm^(-2)时,土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及娃娃菜的可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量均显著性提高。综上,在配施氮肥条件下,添加20 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭可明显降低宁南山区雨养旱作娃娃菜硝酸盐含量,提高娃娃菜水肥利用效率,实现节水增效。In order to explore the influence mechanism of biochar on baby cabbage yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,the optimal amount of biochar for rain-fed and dry crop baby cabbage in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia was explored.With the Golden Queen as the test material,a randomized block test design was adopted,with a total of 8 treatments,and each treatment repeated 3 times.The effects of different treatments on the growth,yield and quality of baby cabbage,soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,water and fertilizer use efficiency in rain-fed dry farming areas were analyzed.The results showed that without applying N fertilizer,the addition of 10 t·hm^(-2) of biochar had a greater impact on the cumulative value of the net photosynthetic rate of leaves.When adding 20 t·hm^(-2),the accumulation of dry and fresh matter in the underground part was the largest.When the biochar was added to 30 t·hm^(-2),it significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the later stage;on the contrary,applying N fertilizer and adding biochar 20 t·hm^(-2) was beneficial to the growth of baby cabbage,which significantly increased the soluble protein content and reduce nitrate content(524.63 mg·kg^(-1)),increased the weight per plant(1992.74 g),net weight per plant(1431.33 g),biomass(159.50 t·hm^(-2)),economic yield(114.56 t·hm^(-2))and water and fertilizer use efficiency(17.00%~56.31%).When biochar was added to 30 t·hm^(-2),soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity,soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of baby cabbage were all significantly increased.In summary,under the condition of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer,adding 20 t·hm^(-2) biochar can significantly reduce the nitrate content of baby cabbage in rain-fed dry farming in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,improve the water and fertilizer use efficiency of baby cabbage,and realize water saving and efficiency.

关 键 词：娃娃菜 生物质炭 雨养旱作 水肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]