中国棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究  

Abundance-deficiency index of soil available phosphorus and the appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer application for cotton in China

作　　者：吕志伟[1] 孙洪仁[2] 张吉萍 吕玉才 程文忠 董伟良 Lü Zhi-wei;SUN Hong-ren;ZHANG Ji-ping;Lü Yu-cai;CHENG Wen-zhong;DONG Wei-liang(School of Life Sciences,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng Shandong 252000;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Beijing Liukai Agriculture Science&Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100095;Shawan Tianzhong Farmer Professional Cooperative,Shawan Xinjiang 834700)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学生命科学学院,山东聊城252000 [2]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [3]北京六凯农业科技有限公司,北京100095 [4]新疆沙湾县天忠农民专业合作社,新疆沙湾834700

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第2期197-206,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家现代牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35);国家自然科学基金(31200387)。

摘　　要：为了给棉花的磷肥施用提供合理指导,采用“零散实验数据整合法”收集、归纳了近30年来全国各地的棉花测土施磷试验数据,据此建立棉花缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程,根据土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案,并采用“养分平衡-地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,系统研究并确定了中国棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标和适宜施磷量。结果表明,中国西部棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标可划分为6级,第1~6级依次为≥62、27~62、11~27、4~11、2~4和<2 mg/kg;中国东部棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标可划分为5级,第1~5级依次为≥44、16~44、4~16、2~4和<2 mg/kg。当皮棉(籽棉)的目标产量为1.0~3.6(2.5~9.0)t/hm^(2),且磷肥当季利用率为20%时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~6级的适宜施磷量范围依次为0、23~81、45~162、68~243、90~324和113~405 kg/hm^(2)。To provide theoretical basis for managing phosphorus fertilizers on cotton,the abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil available phosphorus and the appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rates(APFAR)for cotton in China were studied.Regression equation between the relative yield and content of soil available phosphorus was established based on the published data of cotton phosphorus fertilizer experiments in different areas of China over 30 years.Improvement programs of available nutrients abundance-deficiency levels and the new applied formula based on“nutrient balance and targeted yield minus soil fertility yield”for determining the APFAR were employed.The results showed that the ADI(grade 1~6)of soil available phosphorus for cotton in the west of China were≥62,27~62,11~27,4~11,2~4 and<2 mg/kg,respectively.ADI(grade 1~5)in the east of China were≥44,16~44,4~16,2~4 and<2 mg/kg,respectively.As the targeted yield of ginned cotton was 1.0~3.6(seed cotton,2.5~9.0)t/hm^(2) and the seasonal phosphorus utilization rate was 20%,the ranges of the APFAR(grade 1~6)were 0,23~81,45~162,68~243,90~324 and 113~405 kg/hm^(2),respectively.

关 键 词：棉花 测土施肥 土壤养分 有效磷 丰缺指标 施肥指标 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]