超越工具论:民主立法的内在价值  

Beyond Instrumentalism:On the Intrinsic Values of Democratic Legislation

作　　者：叶会成 YE Huicheng(Fudan University Law School)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2022年第2期48-61,192,193,共16页The Jurist

基　　金：上海市“超级博士后”激励计划资助,系中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助项目“后立法时代背景下的立法原则体系化研究”(2021M690650)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民主是当代立法活动的一个重要指导原则,其对于立法品质的塑造有着根本性的意义。然而,关于民主立法的价值内涵是什么,目前学术界基本持工具论观点,仅将其视作实现良法善治的工具。工具论不仅会面临两个难题的反驳,而且还忽视了民主立法具备的三项关联性内在价值。第一,民主立法相比于非民主式立法更能表达对公民的平等尊重,这种平等尊重的基础主要建立于公共性的内在价值而非良法之结果;第二,民主立法是公民行使公共自治的体现,是公民为增进自身福祉实施的集体立法,公共自治的价值无法被折抵为良法之结果;第三,民主立法具备独立的认识论价值,其本身是一种知识生产活动,这种知识生产活动的价值评判也独立于良法之结果。民主立法之内在价值的证成,既是对工具论的超越,也是对民主立法原则的支持和深化,更有益于立法权威的塑造和国家治理能力的增强。Democracy is generally regarded as one of the guiding principles of legislative activities,and has fundamental importance to shape the virtue of legislation.However,as for the value connotation of democratic legislation,the current academic circles basically hold up instrumentalism,which only regards it as a tool to achieve good law and good governance,while ignoring the inherent value of democratic legislation.On one hand,this article will point out the two problems faced by instrumentalism itself;and on the other hand,it will point out the three interrelated intrinsic values of democratic legislation.Firstly,it expresses equal respect to citizens more than non-democratic legislation.The basis of this equal respect is mainly based on the intrinsic value of publicity rather than the result of good laws.Secondly,it is the embodiment of citizens’exercise of public autonomy,and collective legislation implemented by citizens to enhance their own well-being.Its value cannot be reduced to the result of good laws.Thirdly,it has independent epistemological value.Democratic legislation itself is a kind of knowledge production practice,and the value of this kind of knowledge production is also independent of the result of good laws.The justification of the intrinsic values of democratic legislation is on one hand beyond instrumentalism,and on the other hand it endorses and deepens the principle of democratic legislation,which helps to strengthen the authority of democratic legislation and the capacity of national governance.

关 键 词：民主立法 良法善治 平等尊重 公共自治 认识论价值 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]