动产担保优先顺位的立法构造与适用解释  

The Legislative Construction and Interpretation of Priority for Secured Transactions

作　　者：王乐兵[1] WANG Lebing(Law School of University of International Business and Economics)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2022年第2期77-90,193,共15页The Jurist

摘　　要：《民法典》物权编和合同编共同塑造了我国的动产担保规则体系,但其对动产担保交易功能主义立法模式的不彻底移植诱发了动产担保交易在担保体系内、外的优先顺位冲突问题。动产担保交易与所有权保留、融资租赁的优先顺位问题无法完全通过物权编第414条解决,“正常交易中的买受人”规则也不能完全协调抵押权追及力和买受人所有权之间的冲突,取消浮动抵押制度弊大于利;物权编第414条没有区分不动产抵押和动产抵押,未登记抵押权之效力归于无效,加剧了其与其他动产担保交易的优先顺位冲突。对动产担保交易规则的再体系化将是后民法典时代的重要课题之一。The Chapter of Property and Contract in the Civil Code together construct the legal framework for secured transaction in China, yet it leads to priority conflicts among secured transactions that fall in the two chapters, as a result of the non-radical legal transplant of the functional legislative approach for secured transactions. Article 414 of the Chapter of Property can not be applied to resolve the priority conflicts among secured transaction, filed conditional sale and financial leases, and the clause on purchasers in ordinary course can neither be used to protect the purchasers from security interests on the collateral they buy, the negative impact for the abrogation of the floating charge is underestimated. At the same time, Article 414 neglects the fundamental difference between the mortgage on movable property and that on immovable property, and thus invalidates the mortgage on movable property, this further complicates the priority conflicts of non-perfected mortgage over the other transactions. The reconstruction of the legal framework and rules on secured transaction is an important work that has to be done in the post-civl-code era.

关 键 词：优先顺位 动产担保 追及力 登记 占有 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]