Kung Fu还是Wushu?中国武术海外语言符号的话语困境与消解  

Kung Fu or Wushu?The Discourse Dilemma and Its Resolution of Overseas Linguistic Symbols of Chinese Martial Arts

作　　者：韩青松 朱东 THEEBOOM Marc HAN Qingsong;ZHU Dong;THEEBOOM Marc(Institute of Sports Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China;Department of Movement and Sport Sciences,Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Brussels 1050,Belgium;School of International Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院体育法治研究院,上海201701 [2]布鲁塞尔自由大学运动与体育科学系,布鲁塞尔1050 [3]上海体育学院国际教育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2022年第1期87-96,共10页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(19080503200)。

摘　　要：表征中国武术的官方术语Wushu在西方面临不被认可或不为所知的话语困境。运用话语表征理论,基于为期一年的欧洲田野调查与针对国际武联官员及海外武术从业者的深度访谈,研究发现:在西方受众对于中国武术"文化与技击相融"的认知期待下,"想象、传统、实用"的Kung Fu相比"竞技、操舞、官方"的Wushu更能代表中国武术。究其原因,Kung Fu与西方文化前理解"Chinese martial arts"的意义契合而实现惯习迁移,确立了在西方文化中的话语权威性;而海外传播实践中对Wushu符号内涵的定位不明,造成Wushu与中国武术本意的脱离以及官方话语建构中的自相矛盾。据此提出:找准符号定位,明确Wushu代表着中国武术;坚定话语主导,搭建Wushu术语的符号体系;团结多元主体,拓展Wushu术语的传播场域;增强媒介运作,增加Wushu术语的曝光频率。The official term“Wushu”that represents“Chinese martial arts”is faced with the dilemma of not being recognized or known.Based on a one-year overseas field inquiry and in-depth interviews with IWUF senior officers and foreign stakeholders and the use of discourse representation theory,it found that Kung Fu is more representative in terms of“imagination,tradition and utility”compared with Wushu’s image of“athletics,dancing and official”under the expectation of western audiences for Chinese martial arts of“the integration of culture and art of attack and defence”.By examining the discourse practice of both symbols,the authoritativeness of Kung Fu lies in the habitus transfer in terms of its satisfying the pre-understanding of“Chinese martial arts”in Western culture.However,the unclear positioning of“Wushu”in overseas discourse practice,resulted in its departure from the original meaning of“Chinese martial arts”as well as the self-contradiction within the official discourse construction.The possible directions to resolve the discourse dilemma are proposed:clarifying the connotation of Wushu and making it represent Chinese martial arts;strengthening Wushu’s dominance of utterance and building a symbol system;uniting multiple discourse subjects to expand the communication field;enhancing the operation of the media to increase the frequency of exposure of Wushu.

关 键 词：武术国际化 语言符号 WUSHU Kung Fu 话语分析 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]