国家自然科学基金学科规划对学科发展的影响:基于文献计量的分析与思考  

Impacts of the discipline plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China on discipline development:Analysis and implications based on the bibliometrics-method

作　　者：陈思华[1,2] 邱焓 霍红 Sihua Chen;Han Qiu;Hong Huo(School of Information Management,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;Department of Management Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学信息管理学院,南昌330013 [2]国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部,北京100085

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第7期630-639,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：自20世纪50年代中国制定第一个科技发展规划,即《1956~1967年全国科学技术发展远景规划》以来,中国一直使用“规划模式”来推动科学技术的发展[1].国家自然科学基金委员会(以下简称基金委)是我国科学研究的重点资助单位.在中国的科技资助体系中,基金委有其独特的资助格局和规划路径,重点支持基础研究,同时又面向国家重大需求.为了使学科发展能更及时地适应时代的发展与变化、并更精准地契合国家重大需求。The science departments of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) carry out strategic research on discipline development every five years,and formulate discipline plans and several priority funding areas for the next five years.Then they successively release guidelines for Key Program and Major Program(K&M) projects to promote the development of priority funding areas.In order to understand the impacts of the discipline plan on discipline development,this study takes the discipline of management science and engineering during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period as an example,and uses the approved K&M projects to represent the discipline plan,the General Programs,Young Scientists Fund,and Fund for Less Developed Regions(GY&L) projects to represent the individual thinking of general scholars,and the academic literature from representative international journals to represent the international frontiers and hot spots.This study uses the Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA) method,as well as high-frequency word analysis,and introduce a concept of fitting rate to analyze the relationship between NSFC projects during 2016 and 2020 and academic literatures during 2011 and 2020.The results show that NSFC projects have higher fitting rates with academic literature in the academic areas with more K&M projects funded than in those with fewer K&M projects funded,and the academic areas with higher fitting rates between K&M projects and academic literature usually have higher fitting rates between GY&L projects and academic literature.Furthermore,academic areas with higher fitting rates between NSFC projects and academic literature tend to have more projects of National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and Excellent Young Scientists funded.Therefore,NSFC’s discipline plan has a profound,extensive and long-term impact on the discipline development.The impact goes from top to bottom,from points spreading to areas.It does not only determine the current distribution of priority areas,but also affects the potentia

关 键 词：National Natural Science Foundation of China discipline plan text analysis latent Dirichlet allocation fitting rate research hot spots 

分 类 号：N12[自然科学总论] G353.1[文化科学—情报学]