吉林省2017—2020年腹泻婴幼儿中人星状病毒分子流行病学特征  

Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus in infants and children with diarrhea in Jilin province from 2017 to 2020

作　　者：李响[1] 许爽[1] 卢欣荣[1] 姜洪波 孟婷玉[2] 马英伟[2] 吴东林[1] 张晶莹[1] 魏雷雷[1] Li Xiang;Xu Shuang;Lu Xinrong;Jiang Hongbo;Meng Tingyu;Ma Yingwei;Wu Donglin;Zhang Jingying;Wei Leilei(Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省疾病预防控制中心,吉林省公共卫生研究院,长春130062 [2]长春市儿童医院,长春130061

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2022年第1期53-58,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：吉林省卫生健康委员会科技能力提升项目(2021GW014,2021JC087);吉林省卫生与健康技术创新项目(2020J096)。

摘　　要：目的了解吉林省2017—2020年婴幼儿腹泻患者中人星状病毒(human astrovirus,HAstV)的分子流行特征。方法采集2017年1月至2020年12月小于5岁腹泻住院婴幼儿粪便标本,用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法将粪便标本核酸进行扩增,对阳性扩增产物进行序列测定,构建系统进化树。结果收集粪便标本共2019份,HAstV阳性总数71份,阳性率3.5%。HAstV阳性标本中,42份存在与其他腹泻病毒的混合感染,占阳性总数的59.2%,其中50%为轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)和HAstV的混合感染。2017—2020年HAstV检出阳性率分别为4.69%、1.98%、5.93%、0.43%,每年出现2个流行高峰,每2年出现1次流行高峰年。36~47月龄阳性率最高,其次是0~2月龄。共获得55份序列,经过系统进化树分析显示,均属于经典型HAstV,其中42株HAstV-1a亚型,8株HAstV-1b亚型,5株HAstV-5型。结论HAstV是吉林省5岁以下儿童腹泻的重要病原之一,流行规律有明显的季节和年龄差异,流行优势株以HAstV-1a型为主。Objective To understand the molecular epidemic characteristics and genes of human astrovirus(HAstV)in infantile diarrhea patients in Jilin province from 2017 to 2020.Methods Fecal samples of hospitalized infants with diarrhea under 5 years of age from January 2017 to December 2020 were collected.The nucleic acids of fecal samples were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),the positive amplification products were sequenced,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results A total of 2019 fecal samples were collected,of which 71 were positive for HAstV,with a positive rate of 3.5%.Among the cases with positive samples of HAstV,42 had mixed infection with other viruses causing diarrhea,accounting for 59.2%of the total number of positive cases,half of which were mixed infection with rotavirus and HAstV.From 2017 to 2020,the positive rates of HAstV were 4.69%,1.98%,5.93%and 0.43%per year,respectively.There were two epidemic peaks every year and one epidemic peak year every two years.The positive rate of 36-47 months old was the highest,followed by 0-2 months old.A total of 55 sequences were obtained in this study.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they all belonged to classical HAstV,including 42 HAstV-1a subtypes,8 HAstV-1b subtypes and 5 HAstV-5 subtypes.Conclusions HAstV is one of the important pathogens of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Jilin province.The epidemic law has obvious seasonal and age differences.The dominant strain is HAstV-1a.

关 键 词：人星状病毒 基因型 流行病学 腹泻 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]