论裁判文书说理的积极修辞及其限度  

On the Positive Rhetoric and Its Limits of Reasoning in Judicial Documents

作　　者：钟林燕 Zhong Linyan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《法学》2022年第3期21-34,共14页Law Science

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”;中国政法大学科研创新引导专项项目“新时代法律话语新发展研究”(项目号20ZFY75003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：裁判文书中运用积极修辞技术进行说理以此达致说服听众的效果,目的在于得出更为合理和更具可接受性的判决。我国裁判文书说理以消极修辞为主,但并不排除积极修辞的运用,司法裁判的情理要求使积极修辞成为必要。最高人民法院指导性案例中对积极修辞技术的运用较少;而地方法院裁判文书中对积极修辞的运用进行了大胆尝试。我国可以根据自身的实际情况,借鉴英美法系法官裁判说理的有益方面,注重语言技术知识与司法实践活动相结合,从而增强裁判文书的说理性;同时鼓励法官在说理时引述指导性案例,将法学理论与司法实践紧密结合,促进法官修辞说理的常态化,从而提高判决的可接受性。虽然运用积极修辞技术可以增强裁判文书的情感论证,保持司法领域与社会公众的有效沟通,但是需要给裁判文书说理中的积极修辞设定合理性界限,即逻辑的形式理性限度和可接受的价值理性限度,以防过度修辞或者滥用修辞导致负面影响。Active rhetoric techniques used in the judgment documents is to achieve the effect of persuading the audience,thus reaching a more reasonable and acceptable verdict.The reasoning in judgment documents is mainly based on passive rhetoric in China,but this does not exclude the use of active rhetoric.The emotional requirement of judicial judgment makes active rhetoric necessary.Active rhetoric techniques are rarely used in the guiding cases of Supreme People’s Court,while these are relatively frequently used in the judgment documents of the local court.China can draw on the beneficial aspects of the practice of case law as well as the rhetorical reasoning of American judgment documents while taking China’s legal system and judicial practices into account,focusing on the combination of language techniques and judicial practices,thereby enhancing the reasoning of judgment documents;in the meantime,China can encourage judges to actively refer to guiding cases,and promote the normalization of judges’rhetorical reasoning by integrating legal theory with judicial practices,therefore improving the acceptability of judgement documents.Although the use of active rhetoric techniques can enhance the emotional argumentation of judgment documents and maintain effective communication between the judicial branch and the public,it is necessary to set the rational limit for the active rhetoric used in judgment documents,namely,the rational limit of formal logic and the rational limit of acceptable value,so as to prevent the negative impact caused by overuse or abuse of rhetoric.

关 键 词：裁判文书说理 积极修辞技术 价值判断 合理性限度 

分 类 号：D926.13[政治法律—法学]