2018年黄河上游洪水及宁蒙河道响应特征研究  

Study on the Flood and the Effect Characteristics in Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia Reach of Upper Yellow River in 2018

作　　者：郑艳爽[1,2] 张晓华[1,2] 丰青 尚红霞 ZHENG Yanshuang;ZHANG Xiaohua;FENG Qing;SHANG Hongxia(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Research Center of YB Conservation and Development,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第4期38-43,56,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404402);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51909100,52009047);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2020-14,HKYJBYW-2019-07,HKY-JBYW-2020-03,HKY-JBYW-2018-11)。

摘　　要：利用实测资料分析2018年黄河上游洪水的水沙特点以及洪水对宁蒙河道冲淤的影响,结果表明:2018年黄河上游洪水具有洪量大、持续时间长、洪峰流量大等特点。进入宁蒙河道洪峰流量为2880~3600 m^(3)/s,内蒙古三湖河口—头道拐河段发生大范围漫滩。宁蒙河道洪水期河道冲淤调整较大,内蒙古巴彦高勒—头道拐河段产生明显的“淤滩刷槽”效果,漫滩洪水冲刷效率高于非漫滩洪水。洪水对河道排洪能力的恢复作用显著,洪水后内蒙古河段巴彦高勒、三湖河口站同流量水位分别下降0.71 m和0.47 m,平滩流量分别增加约500 m^(3)/s和320 m^(3)/s。This paper analyzed the water and sediment characteristics and eroding effect on river of flood in 2018.The result shows that this flood has the characteristics including large volume of water,long duration and high flood peak,the dis⁃charge of the flood peak coming into and routing through the Ningxia and Inner Mongolia reach of the Upper Yellow River varies from 2880 m^(3)/s to 3600 m^(3)/s,among which wide flood plains in the reach from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai are overflowed.The flood effects the Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia reach evidently,it has an obvious effect of“depositing on floodplain and eroding channel”in Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou reach.The scour efficiency of overbank flood is higher than that of non⁃overbank flood.After the flood,the same discharge water level of Bayangaole and Sanhuhekou stations in In⁃ner Mongolia reach drops 0.71 m and 0.47 m respectively and the bankfull discharge increases 500 m^(3)/s and 320 m^(3)/s respectively.

关 键 词：冲淤量 洪水 过流能力 宁蒙河道 2018年 黄河上游 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学] TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]