黄河流域灌溉发展演变及对地下水资源的影响  

Evolution of Irrigation Development in the Yellow River Basin and Its Impact on Groundwater Resources

作　　者：袁磊 韩双宝[1,2] 李甫成[1,2] 张秋霞 YUAN Lei;HAN Shuangbao;LI Fucheng;ZHANG Qiuxia(Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey,China Geological Survey,Baoding 071051,China;Center for Groundwater Exploration and Development Engineering Research,China Geological Survey,Baoding 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051 [2]中国地质调查局地下水勘查与开发工程研究中心,河北保定071051

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第4期80-84,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190333)。

摘　　要：在黄河流域水资源量短缺和高质量发展日益增长的用水需求量矛盾下,分析灌溉用水效率和灌溉对流域地下水资源和生态保护的影响意义重大。利用多种方法开展了1998—2019年黄河流域地表水与地下水的灌溉取水量与耗水量演变分析及灌溉演变对地下水资源的影响判别研究,结果表明:20世纪末灌溉取水量达到峰值,1998年以来是灌溉取水量、耗水量变化最复杂的阶段;1998—2019年地表水灌溉取水量先下降后逐渐稳定,地下水灌溉取水量则逐年下降,地表水和地下水灌溉水量占各自总取水量的比例分别下降了20%和10%,生态补水和流域外调水成为黄河流域用水的主要增长方向;地下水灌溉耗水率逐年减小,节水农业的发展显著减少了地面蒸散发量;引黄灌溉对稳定灌区地下水位、补给地下水资源起到了重要支撑作用,地下水蓄水量变幅与上年度地表水农田灌溉水量显著相关。渠系衬砌和灌溉方式的演变使得灌溉对地下水资源的补给量呈下降趋势,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展要求加强水资源节约集约利用,灌溉取水量将进一步压减,必须协调好地表水和地下水的综合调度,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。Under the contradiction between the shortage of water resources and the increasing water demand for high⁃quality development in the Yellow River Basin,it is of great significance to analyze the irrigation water efficiency and the impact of irrigation on the groundwater source and ecological protection of the basin.In this paper,many methods were used to analyze the evolution of irrigation water intake and consumption of surface water and groundwater from 1998 to 2019,and the impact of irrigation evolution on groundwater resources.The results show that the irrigation water intake of the Yellow River Basin reaches its peak at the age of 20th century,irrigation water intake and con⁃sumption are the most complex changes since 1998;from 1998 to 2019,the surface water irrigation water intake is decreased first and then gradually stabilized,while the groundwater irrigation water intake is decreased year by year,and the proportion of surface water and groundw⁃ater irrigation water to the total water intake is decreased by 20%and 10%respectively.The ecological water supplement and water transfer from the basin becomes the main water consumption of the Yellow River.The water consumption rate of groundwater irrigation decreases year by year,and the development of water⁃saving agriculture significantly reduced the surface evapotranspiration;the Yellow River irrigation plays an important supporting role in stabilizing the groundwater level and replenishing groundwater resources in the irrigation area,and the variation of groundwater storage is significantly correlated with the amount of surface water irrigation in the previous year(P<0.05).The evo⁃lution of canal lining and irrigation methods makes the recharge of irrigation to groundwater resources decrease.High quality development of the Yellow River Basin requires intensive and economical utilization of water resources,and irrigation water intake will be further reduced.It is necessary to coordinate the comprehensive regulation of surface water and groundwater,an

关 键 词：黄河流域 水资源开采 灌溉 地下水 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1