基于全生命周期的妇女灾害社会工作创新  

Innovation of Women’s Disaster Social Work Based on the Whole Life Cycle

作　　者：周利敏[1] 赵天琦 ZHOU Limin;ZHAO Tianqi(School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期106-114,共9页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD151)。

摘　　要：灾害对女性冲击最大,需要社会工作者为其提供专业服务,但相关专业服务少见且集中于灾后重建阶段,大大削弱了社工专业"助人之助"之特性。基于全生命周期的妇女灾害社会工作模型是一个全过程动态均衡的服务过程。就"全生命—全过程"而言,目前灾害社会工作缺乏对妇女全生命与全过程的细致服务。就"女权主义—性别平等"而言,社会工作者需要在女权活动中发挥更加积极作用,这也是衡量服务成效的重要指标。就"危机—转机"而言,灾害期间妇女面临生计机会丧失、救济资源缺乏、性骚扰、性暴力与社会排斥等,但也可能使女性主义与女权主义受到更多关注。就"心理—社区"而言,社会工作者需要从社区层面唤醒妇女集体意识,它是资源匮乏国家与地区应对灾害的不可或缺的服务方法。就"脆弱性—恢复力"而言,灾害提高了妇女群体的脆弱性,恢复力有可能抵消妇女群体脆弱性。尽管这一理论模型还存在概念重叠、内涵宽泛、操作复杂与多学科交叉不足等局限,但它为灾害社会工作提供了新的理论支撑、范式整合与实践启发。Disasters have the greatest impact on women, who need social workers to provide professional services.However, at present, the services provided by social workers are rare and concentrated in the stage of post-disaster reconstruction, which greatly weakens the characteristics of professional "helping others".The women’s disaster social work model based on the whole life cycle is a dynamic and balanced service process in the whole process.As far as the "whole life-whole process" is concerned, the current disaster social work lacks meticulous services for women’s whole life and whole process.In terms of "feminism-gender equality",social workers need to play an active role in gender inequality and feminist activities, which is also an important indicator of service effectiveness.As far as "crisis-turning point" is concerned, women have to face loss of livelihood opportunities, lack of relief resources, sexual harassment, sexual violence and social exclusion during disasters, but feminism and feminism may also receive more attention.As far as "psycho-community" is concerned, social workers need to awaken women’s collective consciousness from the community level, which is an indispensable service method for resource-deficient countries and regions to deal with disasters.In terms of "vulnerability-resilience",disasters have increased the vulnerability of women’s groups, and resilience has the potential to offset the vulnerability of women’s groups.Although this theoretical model still has some limitations, such as overlapping concepts, broad connotation, complex operation and multidisciplinary dilemma, there is no doubt that it provides new theoretical support, paradigm integration and practical inspiration for disaster social work.

关 键 词：灾害 风险 受灾妇女 全生命周期 社会工作 灾害社会工作 妇女社会工作 

分 类 号：D668[政治法律—政治学] C916[政治法律—中外政治制度]