汉语统称代词二语习得偏误类型研究  

A Study on the Types of Errors in Second Language Acquisition Concerning Chinese General Pronouns for Designation

作　　者：胡云晚 王一惠 雷励 HU Yun-wan;WANG Yi-hui;LEI Li(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310023,China;School of Literature and Journalism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院人文学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期183-187,共5页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视域中湘、赣方言的介词类型研究”(20BYY043)的阶段性成果;浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(研究生专项)“基于微信的留学生汉语课外听说练习研究”(Y202146597)。

摘　　要：汉语统称代词是统括一定范围内所有人的代词,对外汉语中,“彼此”“大伙儿”“大家”“各位”“各自”“诸位”为其核心教学内容。以该六词为代表的调查表明,二语习得者经常发生面称语词错用、义素替换错位、复指成分错序、语体组配失协四类偏误。受语言类推诸因素引发的代词称谓认知不清、义素特征分辨不明、复指语序判定不精、语体色彩感知不准,是偏误产生的主要原因。统称代词各有其语义语法语用功能,紧扣区别性特征进行应用辨析,可有效降低偏误生发概率。Chinese pronouns for general designations are a kind of pronouns that refer to all the people in a certain range.In teaching Chinese as a foreign language,the words“bici”“dahuo”“dajia”“gewei”“gezi”and“zhuwei”are the core teaching content.The survey of these six words shows that second language learners often make four kinds of errors:misusage of face-to-face address forms,misplacement of sememe substitutions,misorder of inappropriate components and mismatch of styles.The main causes of these errors are the unclear cognition of pronoun appellation,the unclear distinction between sememe characteristics,the improper judgment of anaphora word order and the inaccurate perception of stylistic color triggered by factors of language analogy.Each pronoun for general designations has its own semantic and linguistic functions.Focusing on the application discrimination according to the distinctive characteristics of each general pronoun can effectively reduce the probability of making errors.

关 键 词：代词称谓 义素替换 复指定序 语体组配 偏误动因 

分 类 号：H193.5[语言文字—汉语]