病残大学生体质健康知识、体力活动与体育生活方式的相关研究  

Relationship among Health-Related Fitness Knowledge,Physical Activity and Sports Lifestyle on College Students with Disabilities and Chronic Disease

作　　者：陈华卫[1,2] 吴雪萍 CHEN Huawei;WU Xueping(Nanjing University of Aeronau‐tics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,江苏南京210016 [2]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第3期27-34,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC890003)。

摘　　要：目的:了解病残大学生的体质健康知识(health-related fitness knowledge,HRFK)、体力活动(physical activity,PA)水平和体育生活方式(sports lifestyle,SL)特征,探讨三者之间的相关关系。方法:采用横断面研究,通过“Fit Smart Test Form”对529名病残大学生和552名普通大学生的体质健康知识进行测试,采用国际体力活动短卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire,IPAQ)对体力活动进行回顾,自行设计问卷对体育生活方式进行调查。运用SPSS对不同年级病残大学生和普通大学生体质健康知识得分进行方差分析;对体力活动水平和体育生活方式的分布进行卡方检验;对病残大学生的体质健康知识和体力活动水平及体育生活方式进行相关回归分析。结果:1)病残大学生HRFK均分为48.92,锻炼对慢性病影响及损伤预防和科学锻炼原则两项内容的平均得分比达到60%;男生的HRFK和各单项平均成绩高于女生,除锻炼对慢性病影响内容外,其他内容领域均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);普通大学生HRFK均分为44.08,各领域得分和总分均低于病残大学生,科学体育锻炼原则、锻炼对慢性病影响及损伤预防得分以及总分均与普通大学生具有非常显著差异(P<0.01);病残大学生HRFK得分在年级间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。2)男生中高水平体力活动人数比例和体育生活方式的良好率均非常显著高于女生(P<0.01),年级间的分布均无统计学上的显著差异(P>0.05)。3)HRFK与PA和SL存在高度的正相关关系(R_(1)=0.76,P=0.000;R_(2)=0.65,P=0.000);回归分析显示,体质健康知识可以解释体力活动水平的提高(R_(2)=0.617,P=0.000);运动处方(OR=1.622,P=0.001)和科学锻炼原则(OR=2.049,P=0.009)内容可以影响体育生活方式的形成。结论:病残大学生的体质健康知识整体水平、体力活动水平和体育生活方式良好率较低。体质健康知识与体力活动水平和体育生活方式均具有中高度的正相�Objective:To investigate the current situation of health-related fitness knowledge(HRFK),physical activity(PA),and sports lifestyle(SL)in college students with disabilities and chronic disease.Methods:By cross-sectional study,529 students with disabilities and chronic disease as well as 552 ordinary college students were included in this study.Their HRFK was tested with Fit Smart Test Form,PA was reviewed by international physical activity question‐naire(IPAQ)and SL was investigated by self-designed questionnaire.SPSS was used to ana‐lyze variance of HRFK scores in ordinary college students and college students with disabili‐ties and chronic disease in different grades;Chi-square test was performed on the distribution of PA level and SL;correlation and regression analysis were carried out on HRFK,PA and SL.Results:1)The mean HRFK test score of students was 48.92;the average score ratio of content on exercise to prevent chronic disease,injury prevention and scientific exercise principles reached 60%.Male students had significantly higher HRFK scores than female students,except the impact of exercise on chronic diseases,there were significant differences in other content areas(P<0.05);HRFK of ordinary college students was 44.08,while HRFK scores and total scores of college students with disabilities and chronic disease in all fields were higher than those of ordinary college students,and the influence of scientific physical exercise on chronic diseases and injury prevention scores were significantly different from those of ordinary college students(P<0.01).There was no significant difference on HRFK scores between grades(P>0.05).2)The proportion of high level physical activity and the good rate of sports lifestyle of male students were higher than that of female students with a significant difference(P<0.01),but not for their distribution proportion in grades(P>0.05).3)HRFK was highly correlated with PA and SL(R_(1)=0.76,P=0.000;R_(2)=0.65,P=0.000),regression analysis indicated HRFK could effectively explain

关 键 词：体质健康知识 体力活动 体育生活方式 病残大学生 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]