长期体力活动与儿童青少年学业成绩的剂量-效应关系  

Dose-Response Relationship between Regular Physical Activity and Academic Achievement of Children and Adolescents

作　　者：吕慧敏 董翠香[1,2] 杨秋颖 刘超[1,2] LYU Huimin;DONG Cuixiang;YANG Qiuying;LIU Chao(Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Educa‐tion,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Ministry of Physical Education,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [3]上海应用技术大学体育教学部,上海201418

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第3期43-50,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:检验长期体力活动与儿童青少年学业成绩之间的剂量-效应关系。方法:检索ScienceDirect、Web of Science、EBSCO、Scopus、中国知网数据库中关于长期体力活动对儿童青少年学业成绩影响的实验研究,采用改编的定量研究质量评估工具对文献质量进行评估,运用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:1)该领域高质量的研究文献占比较低,纳入的13篇中高质量文献共包含2379名被试;2)长期体力活动对儿童青少年学业成绩具有积极影响(SMD=0.29;95%CI:0.16,0.41;P<0.0001),对不同科目学业成绩的影响效果存在差异,相较于阅读、写作等学科成绩,对数学成绩的影响效果最大(SMD=0.48;95%CI:0.26,0.69;P<0.0001);3)有氧运动(SMD=0.59;95%CI:0.22,0.96;P<0.0001)、综合性学校体育活动计划(SMD=0.51;95%CI:0.38,0.65;P<0.0001)、专业体育课(SMD=0.25;95%CI:0.09,0.41;P<0.0001)对学业成绩有积极影响;4)就提高儿童青少年学业成绩而言,体力活动干预剂量为5周(SMD=0.47;95%CI:0.23,0.70;P<0.0001)、3次/周(SMD=0.47;95%CI:0.20,0.73;P<0.0001)、30 min/次(SMD=0.29;95%CI:0.07,0.50;P<0.0001)的中大强度(SMD=0.29;95%CI:0.15,0.43;P<0.0001)有氧运动可能产生的促进效果更好。结论与建议:1)长期体力活动能够提高儿童青少年的学业成绩,对数学成绩的促进效果优于对阅读、写作等科目成绩的影响效果;2)为促进儿童青少年学业成绩的提高,可采用持续5周、3次/周、30 min/次的中大强度有氧运动干预;3)通过实施综合性学校体育活动计划,为学生提供更多的体力活动机会,从而实现体质健康和学业成绩“双赢”;4)今后应在提高方法学质量的基础上,注重量化体力活动的剂量,完善报告干预方式、强度、时间及频率等,利于不同研究间的比较。Objective: To evaluate the dose-response relationship between regular physical activity and academic achievement of children and adolescents. Methods: By searching the databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, CNKI, the experimental researches of regular physical activity intervention on academic achievement of children and adolescents was collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3 software, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by using the adapted quantitative research quality evaluation tool. Results: 1) The proportion of high-quality research in this field is low. A total of 13 high-quality articles were included, including 2 379 subjects;2) the overall effect of regular physical activity on children and adolescents’ academic achievement is positive(SMD=0.29;95% CI: 0.16, 0.41;P<0.000 1), and the effect on different subjects is different. The effect on mathematics achievement is greater(SMD=0.48;95% CI: 0.26, 0.69;P<0.000 1) than that on reading and spelling achievement;3) aerobic exercise(SMD=0.59;95% CI: 0.22, 0.96;P<0.000 1), comprehensive school physical activity program(SMD=0.51;95% CI: 0.38, 0.65;P<0.000 1), specialist physical education(SMD=0.25;95% CI: 0.09, 0.41;P<0.000 1) have positive effects on academic achievement of children and adolescents;4) in terms of improving the academic achievement of children and adolescents, a better dose is lasting for 5 weeks(SMD=0.47;95% CI: 0.23, 0.70;P<0.000 1), 3 times every week(SMD=0.47;95% CI: 0.20, 0.73;P<0.000 1), 30 min every time(SMD=0.29;95% CI: 0.07, 0.50;P<0.000 1) moderate to vigorous intensity may produce better promotion effect(SMD=0.29;95% CI: 0.15, 0.43;P<0.000 1). Conclusions and suggestions: 1) Regular physical activity can improve the academic achievement of children and adolescents, the effect of improving mathematics achievement is better than that of reading and writing;2) to improve the academic achievement of children and adolescents, taking moderate to vigorous inten

关 键 词：体力活动 学业成绩 剂量-效应 儿童青少年 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]