刚性和弹性水锤模型对水轮机调节系统计算的影响  

Influence of rigid and elastic water hammer models on calculation of hydraulic turbine governing system

作　　者：杨帅 徐永[1,2] 李湧博 王宾[3] 鞠小明[1,2] YANG Shuai;XU Yong;LI Yongbo;WANG Bin;JU Xiaoming(School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Sichuan Water Conservancy College,Chongzhou 611231,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [3]四川水利职业技术学院,四川崇州611231

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第3期136-143,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51309172)。

摘　　要：压力引水系统数学模型是深入分析水轮机调节系统动态特性的一个重要基础,通常以刚性水锤模型或弹性水锤模型来描述压力引水系统,模型的选择和应用基于不同的考虑,精确的模型对系统的稳定性评估、动态计算和控制器优化都具有重要的意义。应用控制理论和数值仿真的方法对选取的水轮机调节系统结构框图进行分析,在此基础上,比较了具有不同惯性比率R_(1)的电站在刚性水锤和弹性水锤这2种水锤模型下的稳定域变化趋势及其过渡过程调节品质的差异。研究结果表明:①相同惯性比率时,采用弹性水锤模型得到的稳定域要小于刚性水锤模型所得到的稳定域,随着θ_(r)的增加,2种水锤模型下调节系统稳定域的差别会越来越大;②调速器参数相同时只有在R_(1)较大且θ_(r)大于1的情况下,2种水锤模型下的系统调节品质才会有明显差异;③水锤模型的选取宜根据R_(1)和θ_(r)的值予以综合判断后再做决定。The mathematical model for pressure water diversion system is an important tool for in-depth analysis of the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic turbine regulation system.Pressure water diversion system is usually described by rigid water hammer model or elastic water hammer model,which is depend on different consideration,and accurate model has important significance for system stability evaluation,dynamic calculation and controller optimization.In this paper,the control theory and numerical simulation were used to analyze the structure flowchart of selected turbine regulation system,then the trend of stability domain and transition regulation quality of hydropower stations with different unit inertia ratio(R_(1))were compared by using rigid water hammer model and elastic water hammer model.The results showed that①When the unit inertia ratio was the same,the stability region of the elastic water hammer model was smaller than that of the rigid water hammer model,with the increasing of θ_(r),the difference of the stability region of hydraulic turbine governing system under the two water hammer models became larger and larger.②When the governor parameters were the same,only when R_(1) was larger and θ_(r) was greater than 1,there was a significant difference in system regulation quality of the two water hammer models.③The selection of water hammer model should be judged comprehensively according to the values of R_(1) and θ_(r).

关 键 词：刚性水锤 弹性水锤 水轮机调节系统 惯性比率 数值仿真 稳定域 动态特性 

分 类 号：TV734.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]